We often think of cancer as a lump or bump that pops up somewhere on our cat’s body. We can typically see and feel it. However, with bone marrow cancer in cats, there often isn’t anything to look at. Instead, we have to rely on other signs that can look similar to those of other kitty illnesses. This makes bone marrow cancer difficult to deal with. Fortunately, the more you understand it as an owner, the sooner you can seek veterinary care and improve the outcome for your feline friend.

What Is Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats?

Bone marrow is the spongy interior of bone, encased by the hard mineralized exterior. It’s rather spectacular because it’s basically the manufacturing site of blood. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are made and released in bone marrow, all with vital functions in the body. Bone marrow cancer in cats occurs when cancer cells decide to settle in the bone marrow, disrupting the normal flow that provides these necessary blood cells. Sometimes, certain types are overproduced so there is an imbalance in the number of all blood cells produced, or abnormal blood cells that don’t function properly are produced. Either way, it means bad news for all the functions of the body that rely on blood cells to perform.

Bone marrow cancer takes a few different forms in cats, including multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and metastatic cancers that have traveled from other parts of the body and found refuge in the bone marrow. All these types can produce similar signs.

What Are the Signs of Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats?

Rather than a direct lump or bump, bone marrow cancer can produce rather vague signs that could be indicative of several illnesses. These signs may include:

Your cat may also have a history of frequent infections, you may notice a lump or two in other areas of the body, and they may show pain by vocalizing more, hiding more, and not wanting to move as often or be touched.

What Are the Causes of Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats?

Fortunately, bone marrow cancer in cats is relatively rare. Unfortunately, we can’t point fingers at a specific cause. Instead, bone marrow cancer appears to be caused by the same things that cause other types of cancer, including genetics, exposure to chemicals and irritants like smoke and toxins, and other illnesses.

Infections with feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus may also increase a cat’s chances of developing bone marrow cancer and other blood abnormalities due to the factors associated with any other type of cancer, including UV exposure and certain vaccines, as these can metastasize to the bone marrow.

To do your best to prevent bone cancer in cats, be sure your kitty is up to date on vaccinations, avoids mingling with sick cats, and is exposed to the least amount of environmental toxins possible. Regular veterinary care can also play a role, as your vet can help monitor your cat’s health in ways that you won’t be able to at home in order to hopefully catch any illnesses before they become big problems.

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How Is Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats Diagnosed?

You will likely notice that your kitty is acting strangely, so you may decide to monitor them for a few days and then bring them to the vet for the reason that they’re just not acting right. Maybe you’ve seen a change in appetite or energy level or even weight loss, or perhaps their frequent illnesses have you worried. Either way, bone marrow cancer likely isn’t the first issue that comes to mind.

It probably isn’t the first issue on your vet’s mind either, so they’ll have to rule out other causes of the signs that you’re seeing by doing a thorough exam, asking you questions, and running tests. Blood work may reveal abnormalities in the blood cells, including differences in sizes, shapes, and numbers. It will also give them insight into how your cat’s organs are functioning. An X-ray may be taken to check bone structure and to look for tumors in other areas. Ultrasound may be helpful for this too.

If the results of these tests put your veterinarian on the bone marrow cancer track, they may perform a urinalysis to check for Bence-Jones proteins, which can be indicative of bone marrow cancer. From there, a sample is necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

How Do I Care for a Cat With Bone Marrow Cancer?

In many cases, bone marrow cancer may not be able to be cured. Treatment is aimed at making your kitty feel as comfortable as possible and prolonging their quality of life. How your vet goes about this will depend on the type of bone marrow cancer your cat has, their overall health, and whether the cancer has spread.

Treatment options may include surgical removal if the cancer is isolated or chemotherapy and/or radiation if it’s not. However, with these types of treatments, it’s best to weigh the outcome with the side effects.

Supportive care may also be offered in the way of corticosteroids to help suppress cancer activity, pain medications to help your cat feel better, and antibiotics to treat secondary infections due to decreased immune function. Cats may require hospitalization, especially in the early phases of treatment, to make sure that they are handling everything well and that side effects aren’t too severe.

Bone marrow cancer in cats is tough to get rid of, especially if it comes from a tumor that has metastasized. So, expect to have an in-depth conversation with your vet about your cat’s quality of life and the potential for prolonging that quality or the potential for treatments’ side effects to negatively affect it.

On the home front, whether you choose treatment or not, you’ll need to protect your cat from possible illnesses, as they will likely have a decreased ability to fight diseases. This means keeping them away from critters that haven’t been vaccinated, keeping them inside, and providing them with a high-quality diet and a safe place to rest.

You may have to get creative in order to boost your cat’s appetite, such as offering canned food or changing flavor options. Be sure your kitty is drinking water enough to prevent dehydration, and give them plenty of one-on-one time with plenty of love and affection.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What Is the Prognosis for Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats?

How long your kitty lives with bone marrow cancer will depend on several things, including the type of cancer, stage, and their overall health. It can also depend on the treatments taken and how they respond to those. While a treatment can prolong a cat’s quality of life for a little while, the long-term prognosis for bone marrow cancer is fairly poor. It’s unlikely that your cat will be completely cured of bone marrow cancer, but they can at least live a comfortable life under your care.

What Are the Early Warning Signs of Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats?

Unfortunately, there’s no specific sign of bone marrow cancer. Instead, what you’re likely to see is your kitty acting a bit off. Maybe you can’t put your finger on it directly, but you just know something is up. They may not be eating as much, maybe they’re drinking a little more, or they’re not as rambunctious as before. Perhaps they’ve taken to hiding or have started crying out more commonly. Either way, any change in your cat’s habits or behavior warrants a veterinary visit.

Conclusion

Bone marrow cancer is relatively rare in cats, and it can be difficult to diagnose early on due to its ambiguous signs. It also isn’t likely to be cured, but that doesn’t mean a cat can’t live with a high quality of life for as long as possible with treatment and supportive care. Speak to your veterinarian about any abnormal signs or behavior changes that you’re seeing in your cat in order to catch issues early and afford the best possible outcome.

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The post Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats: Our Vet Discusses Signs, Causes & Treatment by Dr. Chyrle Bonk DVM (Veterinarian) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

If you’re interested in multiple myeloma, your cat may have been recently diagnosed with this rare disease. If this is the case, we’re very sorry and understand you’ll want to know everything about the condition and what to expect moving forward.

Multiple myeloma is a cancerous disease, meaning that it’s caused by the uncontrolled growth of the cat’s own cells. As these cells proliferate, they cause harm to the vital body systems that keep your cat alive.

What Is Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is a rare cancer originating from a type of white blood cell in the bone marrow. In healthy cats, the bone marrow contains stem cells that reproduce and mature into blood cells such as platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells. The white cells fight infection, platelets help with blood clotting, and red cells are the carrier cells for transporting oxygen around the body.

One type of white blood cell is the plasma cell, which is responsible for the production of antibodies. Cancer of this cell line within the bone marrow causes multiple myeloma. However, if plasma cells cause cancer outside the bone marrow, it is called a plasmacytoma. However, multiple myeloma can spread from the bone marrow to other organs.

The uncontrolled production of plasma cells results in excessive amounts of antibodies in the blood. Cancerous cells and the resulting antibodies can cause problems all around the body. Although cancer can originate in any bone, most arise in the spinal vertebrae.

What Are the Signs of Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma typically occurs in cats over the age of 7 and appears to have similar rates in male and female cats. Signs of multiple myeloma are generalized to start with and worsen with time. Specific signs can be related to organs being impacted by the cancer. Generally, the first non-specific signs of the problem are:

There are, however, several complications of multiple myeloma that can result in more severe signs.

What Are the Causes of Multiple Myeloma?

There has been no conclusive evidence about what causes multiple myeloma in cats. However, one study reports the occurrence of this rare condition in siblings, suggesting a possible genetic predisposition. This theory needs to be explored further but is backed up by findings in mice and humans.

Unlike other white blood cell cancers, viruses like Feline Leukemia Virus, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, and Feline Infectious Peritonitis do not appear to be implicated in multiple myeloma.

Finally, the environment can be important. Exposure to carcinogens like exhaust fumes and other chemicals can increase the risk of cancer. One study showed people in certain professions had an increased risk of multiple myeloma.

Diagnosing Multiple Myeloma in Your Cat

If your cat shows signs of being unwell, the first step is a veterinary consultation and examination. Your vet will consider your cat’s history and the signs they’re showing to determine the next steps.

Since multiple myeloma is very rare and the initial signs are quite general, this potential diagnosis may not be the first on your vet’s list. There is a saying in medicine, “If you hear hoofbeats, think horses, not zebras,” which means that certain illnesses are more common than others.

Multiple myeloma can be diagnosed when two of the following are found:

Extensive testing is needed to reach this definitive diagnosis. Initial testing at your general practice veterinarian may include:

The results of the tests may not only diagnose your cat but also help your vet to determine their prognosis. According to one study of nine cats, the following was associated with a poor prognosis in cats with multiple myeloma:

How Do I Care for a Cat With Multiple Myeloma

Cats with multiple myeloma need veterinary care and excellent nursing care at home. At the vet, your cat may need a fluid drip to support their kidneys and rehydrate them. Fluids also help treat hyperviscosity syndrome. On diagnosis, vets will start long-term antibiotics to protect your cat against infection. They will also provide symptomatic treatment on a case-by-case basis. Many cats need pain relief, while others need more specific medication.

You will also have the option to pursue advanced cancer treatment for your cat. It’s fine not to do this based on your circumstances or beliefs. However, it could extend your cat’s life and improve their quality of life. Without it, euthanasia may need to occur sooner rather than later.

Advanced cancer treatments are generally prescribed by a veterinary oncologist. In some cases, surgery can be recommended for damage control. These specialists can develop a plan for surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy, as well as extensive follow-ups, to help your cat. Your vet will want to monitor for side effects related to treatment as well as your cat’s response to treatment. For example, a reduction in blood protein after treatment is a good sign.

Good nursing care at home is essential. While not all these interventions may be necessary for every cat with multiple myeloma, we recommend speaking to your vet about the following:

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How Long Can a Cat Live With Multiple Myeloma?

One study showed that out of eight cats receiving chemotherapy for multiple myeloma, four had a complete response, and one had a partial response. Those who responded survived for between 4 and 24 months. The average survival time with treatment is around 42–281 days. Cats that don’t receive advanced treatment or do not respond to treatment will have a shorter lifespan.

Is Bone Marrow Cancer Painful in Cats?

Bone marrow cancers like multiple myeloma can be painful, especially if they cause the bone to be eaten away or pathological fractures. These cats often need one or more pain relief medications to remain comfortable. Don’t be afraid to discuss this with your vet if your cat is in pain. In addition to the pain, these cancers can cause changes that make your cat feel generally lethargic or nauseous.

Conclusion

Multiple myeloma is a rare form of bone cancer in cats. While cats with multiple myeloma will eventually succumb to their condition, a period of remission is possible. Unfortunately, some cats don’t respond despite the best treatment, and many have highly aggressive forms of multiple myeloma. Your vet can look for signs that might indicate a poor prognosis for your cat.

When your cat is diagnosed with multiple myeloma the most important thing is their comfort and quality of life. That is why you should pamper your cat with multiple myeloma, monitor for any signs of pain or discomfort, and follow your vet’s advice.

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The post Multiple Myeloma in Cats: Our Vet Explains Signs, Causes & Treatment by Dr. Ashley Darby BVSc (Veterinarian) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Consulting an online veterinarian is convenient and less stressful for your pet. However, if you suspect your cat has an infection and needs antibiotics, is it the right option for you? The answer is a little bit complicated since it depends on the laws in your state, the type of telehealth service you are accessing, and your cat’s illness.

The ability to prescribe medication, such as antibiotics, relies on the development of a veterinarian-client-pet-relationship as well as an accurate assessment of your cat’s health. Since this concept is very complicated when viewed through the lens of telehealth, read on to learn more about the facts and legality of this situation.

The Veterinarian-Client-Pet-Relationship

The veterinarian-client-pet relationship (VCPR) is a legal term for the agreement between a veterinarian and a pet owner, also known as the client, to provide treatment to the client’s pet. A VCPR means that vets have the right to prescribe medications and make diagnoses and the responsibility to maintain medical records. Within this framework, clients are responsible for following the vet’s instructions.

Without a VCPR, telehealth services are known as teletriage or teleadvice and are limited in what they provide. When a VCPR is established, the vet can practice telemedicine to provide a diagnosis, prescribe medication, recommend treatment, and so on.

Traditionally, a VCPR could only be established through in-person examinations. However, this area is growing and changing. We’ll review some of the complicated laws dictating a VCPR in the United States.

Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!

If you need to speak with a vet but can’t get to one, head over to PangoVet. It’s an online service where you can talk to a vet online and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price!

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Federal Laws

A federal VCPR can only be formed with an in-person examination, but it can be maintained electronically. A federal VCPR is needed when:

Since these scenarios are extremely common in veterinary practice, there is a high chance that the medication your cat needs will necessitate an in-person visit.

State Laws

State laws around the establishment of the VCPR are found in the state’s Veterinary Practice Act. These ever-changing regulations stipulate whether a VCPR can be established or maintained electronically. Some states allow a VCPR to be established electronically, giving their vets the right to prescribe medications through telemedicine.

There are also more state-specific rules around which medications can be prescribed, time frames for prescribing, and what constitutes a telemedicine consult. For example, a video chat may be a requirement. So, to answer your question fully, you will need to check the current Veterinary Practice Act for your state.

Other Factors That Influence Prescribing Medications

Assuming your state allows a VCPR to be established electronically, and your pet doesn’t require any medication that will necessitate a federal VCPR, there are other factors to consider. These will help determine whether your cat can get what they need from the comfort of your own home.

Platform of Services

Where you are accessing your online vet matters. For a VCPR to be established, your vet must be licensed to provide veterinary services in your state. So, if you are accessing a video chat with a vet through international websites, the chances are the service they are providing is teleadvice not telemedicine.

On the other hand, if you access a consultation with a veterinarian licensed in your state, this may fulfill the requirements for establishing a VCPR.

Animal’s Circumstances

The final factor is, of course, whether prescribing medication like antibiotics is in the animal’s best interest. If a VCPR is established, a vet must still be able to diagnose your cat’s need for antibiotics accurately.

The limitations of telemedicine are that without an in-person examination your vet can’t do the usual things like listen to your cat’s heart, take their temperature, or perform additional tests like urine analysis, blood tests, and imaging.

Therefore, in many cases, but depending on your cat’s specific circumstances, your vet may not be able to prescribe antibiotics simply because the need for antibiotics could not be established. Despite your telemedicine consultation, you may still have to take your cat to the vet.

Should I Have a Veterinary Telehealth Consult?

If you think veterinary advice without a VCPR could be useful, you can try teletriage and teleadvice services. Situations where this might be a good idea include:

Situations where establishing a virtual VCPR may be appropriate and vets may be able to prescribe treatment include:

In many cases, an in-person veterinary visit is the best thing for your pet. We strongly recommend that your cat goes to a veterinary clinic for:

Conclusion

When it comes to telehealth, there are many situations where it can be extremely helpful, with the benefit of being less expensive than traditional veterinary visits. However, when it comes to getting medication like antibiotics from online vets, many laws can restrict the vet’s ability to prescribe.

Even if the state laws are favorable, your vet may be unable to determine a need for antibiotics through a video chat and may recommend follow-up examinations or diagnostic tests. A good rule of thumb is to use telehealth where appropriate and schedule annual wellness visits to hopefully detect any problems early.

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The post Can Online Vets Prescribe Antibiotics? Our Vet Explains the Facts & Legality by Dr. Ashley Darby BVSc (Veterinarian) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

You adopted your kitty from the shelter and can’t help but wonder at some of her behaviors. Certain noises trigger her flight from the room. Certain objects cause her to hiss. Could your cat have PTSD?

Can Cats Have PTSD?

While we don’t commonly refer to cats as having PTSD, the truth is they certainly can have behaviors that are triggered by sights, sounds, smells, and actions. Stressful triggers could range from a storm outside to being taken to a family member’s house for pet sitting while you’re out of town.

Cats that have gone through traumatic events may show fear-related behaviors or even aggressive behaviors in response to certain stimuli.

What Are the Signs of PTSD in Cats?

Signs of stress or PTSD can be challenging to identify in some pets, while other cases are pretty clear-cut. It can take time to become attuned to the behaviors of our furry family members.

What Are the Causes of PTSD in Cats?

Our cats can’t directly tell us what’s bothering them, so it can be challenging to identify things that stress your cat out or trigger an episode of panic or aggression. Things could also have happened when you weren’t in their life, such as being abandoned by a previous owner, which can lead to PTSD in your cat.

Some cats experience physical abuse at the hands of humans in their lives. These cats are much more likely to develop PTSD.

If your cat sees an action or object that reminds them of that event, they may become severely stressed. Even something as seemingly innocuous as going to the vet can be a painful trigger. Loud sounds can also trigger stressful responses in our cats. Storms, fireworks, trains, and more can all be scary noise sources that send our cats fleeing.

While abandonment or neglect are more likely to be identified as a PTSD-inciting event, lack of attention can also foster PTSD in your cat. These cats would lack vital interactions and socialization that help make for a happy and healthy feline.

You might not think of illness as causing PTSD, but it can be a significant factor in how your cat responds to stimuli. If your cat has arthritis pain, it could associate jumping on the couch with pain and start to avoid it. Did your cats get into a fight? One or both cats might start to avoid the other. This can also be a reason why cats start to avoid using the litter box.

Diagnosing PTSD in Your Cat

If you notice abnormal behaviors in your cat, contact your veterinarian for an appointment. Your vet will start by taking a thorough history and performing a comprehensive physical exam, looking your cat over from nose to tail. The vet will look for physical changes that could account for these behaviors, like a painful hip.

Your veterinarian might suggest diagnostics to assess your cat more in-depth. Blood work can look for metabolic changes, while a urinalysis might reveal a urinary tract infection. Radiographs (X-rays) are helpful to check for bladder stones or areas of arthritis.

Some veterinarians, particularly behaviorists, may need to visit your home to watch how your cat reacts to different scenarios. Videos of your cat’s movements, interactions with other pets and family members, and where they hide can all provide vital information to your veterinary team.

How Do I Care for a Cat With PTSD?

The first step in caring for a cat with PTSD or anxiety is identifying that there is an issue. The extent of the anxiety will help determine what steps you need to take to help your cat.

1. Environmental Changes

If something in the environment triggers your cat, can you remove it? Sometimes, rearranging the furniture and adding a cat tree or scratcher can make a significant difference. A TV set or white noise machine may provide soothing background noise to help keep loud sounds from causing panic.

If you have multiple cats or other animals, ensure everyone has a safe space to go. You should have at least one litter box for each cat plus an additional one, and they should be placed in different areas around the house.

2. Behavioral Modification

Counterconditioning your cat can be difficult, but it is a great way to help it develop more positive associations with certain stimuli. Working with an animal behaviorist is often the best way to utilize behavioral modification practices because what works for one pet may not work for another.

3. Medication

Veterinarians use several medications to reduce anxiety. These medications are most effective when combined with behavioral modification.

Some supplements, such as the Purina Calming Care Probiotic, are helpful. Pheromone products like Feliway are not traditional medications but can help reduce your cat’s stress and anxiety. Combine pheromones with a product like Cat Attract litter to encourage your cat to use the litter box.

4. Enrichment

Enrichment activities are vital to your cat’s well-being. They often provide mental and physical interactions and can also build the human-animal bond between you and your cat. Puzzle toys and even building obstacles for your cat to investigate are both great ways to enrich your cat’s environment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do cats get traumatized after a cat fight?

Cats can certainly be traumatized after a cat fight, especially if an aggressor constantly bullies one of your cats. The affected cat might become more withdrawn, fearful, and jumpy. They might eat less or start urinating outside of the litter box.

Do cats remember traumatic events?

Cats can remember the good and the bad that happen to them. Even if they happen once, adverse events can leave a lasting impression and affect your cat’s behavior for years if you don’t intervene.

Conclusion

Cats can have PTSD, but we don’t often call it that or describe it as such. Anxiety-inducing events should be addressed through positive methods like counterconditioning when possible. Your veterinarian might also suggest medication as a means of helping your cat.

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The post Can Cats Have PTSD? Our Vet Explains Trauma Facts & How to Help by Dr. Samantha Devine DVM (Veterinarian) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Medications like Ozempic are making quite a statement in the human medicine world, offering a new management strategy for people struggling with type II diabetes and weight loss. Since our kitties can also have these medical issues, many people are wondering whether Ozempic would work for felines.

You should not give Ozempic to your cat, but there are similar medications currently being researched to provide comparable benefits in the feline world.

What Is Ozempic?

Ozempic, or semaglutide, is a weekly injection that many humans are using to help manage their type II diabetes. It works similarly to a natural hormone, GLP-1, that is produced by the stomach and controls insulin release, the speed at which the stomach empties, and appetite. Increasing the amount of GLP-1 in the body helps lower blood sugar, decrease appetite, and slow the rate at which food leaves the stomach so people feel full for longer. Due to these capabilities, it can help manage type II diabetes by increasing the amount of insulin that’s released, and it can also help reduce the chances of stroke and heart attack.

Ozempic is additionally being used for weight loss because it helps control a person’s appetite and helps them feel satiated longer, potentially decreasing the number of calories that they consume.

Since cats can have both issues—an estimated nearly 1% of cats have diabetes and over 60% are obese, it’s no wonder that both vets and cat owners would be jumping for joy over the possibility of a drug like this. But we’re not quite there yet.

What Is the Best Treatment for Diabetic Cats?

Currently, the most common ways that diabetes is managed in cats are injectable insulin and a dietary change. Some pet owners dislike the idea of injecting their cat twice a day, and for others, it’s difficult to manage the rigid schedule that providing insulin requires. These cats may instead be treated with a daily oral medication, such as Bexacat or Senvelgo. While administering a pill may still not be every cat owner’s dream, it can prove to be more comfortable than injections.

Is There a Weight Loss Medication for Cats?

While a healthy diet, smaller portion sizes, and more exercise are the three pillars for a kitty to shed unwanted weight, vets and cat owners alike know the challenges of getting a cat to work out and are more than familiar with begging-for-food eyes and yowls. Also, for some cats, it seems that every calorie that they eat tends to linger in their body as fat.

Right now, weight-loss assistance is focused on making those three pillars more feasible, with low-calorie food options, automatic pre-portioned feeders, and interactive toys that help get a cat moving. There may also be success with supplements like conjugated linoleic acids and hydroxycitric acid.

The Future of Weight Loss in Cats

While pharmaceutical companies aren’t working with Ozempic specifically as a weight-loss medication for cats, they are looking at similarly acting drugs. A study has shown a few potential benefits of another GLP-1 agonist, OKV-119, in helping achieve a 5% reduction in weight over a 4-month period. This medication was implanted under the skin, meaning no daily dosing. While this may seem ground-breaking, there were limitations to the study and remaining questions, so don’t expect to see this product in your veterinarian’s office any time soon.

With an increase in awareness of the obesity problem in cats among owners and pharmaceutical companies, there is little doubt that something resembling Ozempic will likely be on the market soon to help plump felines shed unhealthy weight.

Conclusion

While Ozempic is increasing in popularity on the human front, it isn’t currently something that should be given to felines, neither the diabetic variety nor the roly-poly type. If your kitty has either condition, speak to your veterinarian about potential changes in their treatment plan. They may be able to provide oral medications for diabetes or supplements for weight loss. Putatively, your vet is the best person to decide if these treatments are right for your cat, as they’re not the best fit for all feline friends.

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The post Can Cats Take Ozempic? Our Vet Explains by Dr. Chyrle Bonk DVM (Veterinarian) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Cat behavior is a complex world. On the one hand, cats are extremely intelligent animals that seem to empathize with us; they reflect our need for both social time and private time, and this is one of the reasons why we love having them as part of the family.

On the other hand, they sometimes demonstrate bizarre behaviors that defy explanation. Some cats have a tendency to chew, even when not eating. They might also be purring while they do this. Below are four vet-verified reasons for cats “chewing on nothing”.

The 4 Reasons Why Cats Chew on Nothing and Purr

1. Pain

Pain is a common cause of excessive chewing in cats, even when not eating. In fact, most cats will continue to eat food with a sore mouth. However, chewing while not eating can be a sign that there is discomfort in the mouth. The chewing behavior is a cat’s effort to alleviate pain—think of it as rubbing a sore spot.

Common causes of oral pain in cats include dental disease, broken teeth, tumors, and ingestion of chemical substances.

2. Stress or Boredom

Some cats chew on nothing as a result of anxiety or stress. Over the past couple of decades, vets and cat owners have become more aware of feline stress. We know that cats are highly sensitive creatures, often independent, with a desire for routine. Some cats are stressed by the presence of other cats, young children, or excessive noise.

Other cats are anxious as a result of previous trauma or experiences. Regardless, stress can result in chewing and purring behaviors, which might be thought of as a cat’s equivalent to biting the nails.

3. Chattering

Chattering refers to the shuttering of the teeth, sometimes accompanied by vocalization. This behavior is completely normal, and nothing to worry about. We believe that cats chatter when they are watching a potential prey species such as a bird. While it may be hard to imagine, your cat has hunting instincts somewhere within them.

One theory proposes that cats chatter to mimic the sound of the bird, enabling them to sneak up on the bird (if there isn’t a window in the way).

4. Habit

Some cats will chew and purr out of habit. In other words, there may be no pain, no stress, and no prey species in sight—chewing and purring can be normal behavior, if it is infrequent and short-lived. Additionally, if cats have chewed on nothing as a result of pain or stress, it can be hard to eradicate this behavior, even after the pain and stress are corrected.

Conclusion

If your cat’s chewing is a new behavior, but he or she seems otherwise completely fine, it’s reasonable to adopt a “watch and wait” approach. If you have noticed any drooling, loss of appetite, or other signs of being unwell, it’s certainly worth arranging a visit to your veterinarian.

The vet will be able to check for any signs of pain or disease, as well as discuss stress and feline behavior with you.

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The post Why Is My Cat Chewing on Nothing and Purring? Our Vet Discusses Possible Reasons by Dr. Joe Mallat DVM (Veterinarian) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

One minute, your cat is cuddling with you as happy as a clam, and the next minute, they are climbing up the curtains, yowling, and acting like a banshee. What could be going on? With such fluctuation in behaviors, one may wonder if their cat could have bipolar syndrome. While this is a reasonable suspicion, it’s important to note that at this time, cats are not recognized as being able to be diagnosed with bipolar syndrome.

In this article, we’ll explore what this condition is, specifics of why it’s not recognized or diagnosed in cats, and tips and techniques for ensuring good mental health for cats in general.

About Bipolar Syndrome

What exactly is bipolar syndrome? The word bipolar can be broken down into the root “bi” which means two and “polar” which can be akin to having extreme opposites on two points or ends of an axis. In people, this mental illness is characterized by two very different moods: that of a very high or elevated mood (termed mania) and that of a very low or hopeless (termed depressive) mood.

These intense and extreme emotional states swing dramatically from one to another over time, with each mood often lasting from days to weeks or months. In between, there is also the potential for a normal mood, called euthymia.

While bipolar syndrome was also previously referred to as manic depression or manic-depressive disorder, there are different types, such as bipolar syndrome type 1 or type 2. What all bipolar diagnoses have in common is that they are characterized by recurring, dramatic shifts or swings in mood. These intense moods can affect the individual’s energy levels, thinking patterns, overall behavior, sleep schedule, etc. In people, a diagnosis is obtained by ruling out other causes followed by a thorough psychological evaluation.

If diagnosed, treatment often includes various medications and psychotherapy (talk therapy).

Cats and Bipolar Syndrome

As mentioned, cats are not recognized to have bipolar syndrome. In fact, it’s a bit tricky to actually assess depression and mania in our feline friends.

When a pet cat is acting subdued or potentially displaying some of the signs below, one may inadvertently think depression could be a potential cause:

If these types of changes in the behavior of a cat are seen, they are most often explained in veterinary medicine by an underlying medical or physical health condition.

While the list of potential reasons for illness is long, some may include:

Regardless of the cause, once a health condition is properly treated, it can make a world of difference in a feline’s demeanor and subdued overall behaviors will typically improve.

Cats will display varying levels of activity throughout the day, which is normal.  While they may sleep much of the time, they can also have their little windows or bursts of activity and energy (hello, zoomies!) since they are predators with natural hunting instincts. These “highs” may be misunderstood by the cat’s owner to be a display of mania.

Some cat owners may also mistake many of the following for mania:

Some underlying health conditions that may be actually causing these behaviors might include:

Again, if one of these (or another) health conditions is the cause of what appear to be “manic” behaviors, proper medical treatment can help bring a cat back to baseline. Furthermore, while cats do exhibit signs of stress and can have mental health conditions diagnosed such as compulsive disorders or cognitive dysfunction, these would be diagnosed after other medical causes are ruled out.

Diagnosis of Bipolar Syndrome in Cats

As the above discussion illustrates, signs in a cat that would normally be considered to be “depressive” or “manic” in humans are most often explained in veterinary medicine by some other underlying medical condition. In addition, a cat’s more extreme moods do not stay and last for long periods of time and then cycle to the opposite end of the spectrum like bipolar syndrome in people.

Furthermore, because bipolar syndrome requires consistently alternating manic and depressive states to be diagnosed, it is easy to see how bipolar syndrome diagnosis is not recognized as an option for a cat.

In addition, in the medical testing world, it has been difficult to use animal subjects for modeling medical treatment for bipolar syndrome in people. Some of the reasons for this, as set out below, help explain even more why cats have been unable to be diagnosed with this disease.

Many of the qualifying characteristics of bipolar syndrome in people are not able to be evaluated in animals. Because veterinarians can’t talk to their patients and their patients do not have the same awareness and cognitive abilities as people, evaluating feelings of worthlessness or guilt, for example, is just not possible.

In the human world, testing using animal models for bipolar syndrome has had to be separated into two categories: one group with animals that are modeling mania, and one group that is modeling depression. There has not been a successful group that has exhibited both depression and mania. Even further, there has not been shown a way to replicate the characteristic cycle between the two in animals.

While cat behavior can be complex and can fluctuate widely, there could be additional reasons for this behavior besides the aforementioned health causes. Not only do a cat’s genetics play a role, but aspects such as what occurred during their socialization period as kittens, life experiences, individual personality, etc., all can come into play. Many times, their mood or variations are triggered or activated because of an external factor in their surroundings, rather than a biochemical abnormality going on in their brain.

How to Help Your Cat

If your cat is suffering from what appear to be signs of hyperactivity/mania and depression, what can you do?

Some components for encouraging overall good mental health for a cat that you can implement at home may include:

Conclusion

While cats are not currently able to be diagnosed with bipolar syndrome, they may have other mental and/or physical health conditions that could be influencing how they conduct themselves.

If your cat is displaying concerning behaviors towards themselves or others, promptly starting a conversation with their veterinarian will help ensure the best outcome.

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The post Can Cats Have Bipolar Syndrome? Our Vet Explains by Dr. Rachel Ellison DVM (Veterinarian) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

The mast cell tumor (sometimes referred to as a mastocytoma) is a relatively common form of feline cancer. These tumors can arise on the skin, in the spleen, or the intestines. While some mast cell tumors are relatively benign, with the possibility of cure, others can be malignant and carry a greater risk of spread throughout the body.

Hearing the diagnosis of a mast cell tumor can be overwhelming. What caused this to occur? Where do we go from here? What even is a mast cell? This article will answer common questions about feline mast cell tumors, exploring signs, causes, treatment options, and more.

What Is a Mast Cell?

Mast cells play an important role in your cat’s health. They are a type of white blood cell that performs several important immune functions. If a cat is “invaded” by allergens, parasites, or even venom, mast cells are activated as one of the immune system’s first responders.

Mast cells release several chemicals in an effort to restore the body to normality. One of these chemicals, which is relatively well known, is histamine. Histamine is the chemical that triggers redness, inflammation, and itching during an allergic reaction or hay fever episode.

What Are Mast Cell Tumors?

Mast cells, just like many other cells in the body, can turn cancerous. When this occurs, the normal and controlled division of mast cells has become de-railed, leading to aggressive and uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells.

Signs of Mast Cell Tumors in Cats

The signs of mast cell tumors in cats are variable. They depend largely on which of the above three organs are affected, how aggressive the tumor is, and how far the cancer has progressed.

If the tumor is on the skin, you may notice a firm plaque (hard, flattened area) or a lump under the skin; however, mast cell tumors can take on many different appearances. While they commonly occur around the head and neck, other parts of the skin can be affected. The lesion may be itchy as a result of histamine release by the tumor.

If your cat has the splenic form of disease, weight loss, vomiting and loss of appetite are common signs. These signs are vague or “non-specific”, and can be confused with other diseases.

If the tumor affects the intestines (bowels), gastrointestinal signs are more common. These include vomiting and diarrhea. Fresh red blood may be visible in your cat’s stool, or the stool may have a dark/tarry appearance (representing digested blood). Weight loss and reduced appetite are also possible. Unfortunately, feline mast cell tumors can spread to neighboring organs and lymph nodes.

What Are the Causes of Mast Cell Tumors?

Like many cancers in pets and people alike, the exact cause of mast cell tumors remains unknown. The formation of mast cell tumors is likely “multifactorial”, meaning several factors contribute to tumor development. Some of these factors are environmental, and others are genetic or hereditary.

A certain tiny protein called KIT helps control or regulate mast cell division. It is believed that this KIT protein undergoes a mutation, allowing mast cell division to occur in an abnormal and aggressive manner.

Diagnosing Mast Cell Tumors in Your Cat

Diagnosis of mast cell tumors can be very straightforward, or relatively challenging. If the tumor is on the skin, your vet may be able to take a fine needle aspirate and reach a fairly conclusive diagnosis. This involves using a small needle to “suck up” some cells from the lump, which are placed onto a glass slide and analyzed under the microscope.

If mast cells and histamine granules are in abundance, the lump is likely a cutaneous mast cell tumor. Surgical biopsies may or may not be indicated.

However, it is not possible to perform a fine needle aspirate on splenic and intestinal mast cell tumors, as they lie much deeper, inside the abdomen. These internal tumors tend to be detected on an ultrasound or MRI scan of the abdomen. However, it is impossible to tell from imaging alone what type of tumor is present. Surgical (or endoscopic) biopsies are needed to reach a diagnosis, with samples being sent to an external laboratory for analysis by a specialist pathologist.

Once the diagnosis of a mast cell tumor is made, staging may be performed. This involves performing blood tests, and imaging of the chest and abdomen, to see if the tumor has spread to other parts of the body. Enlarged lymph nodes should also be sampled.

How Do I Care for a Cat With a Mast Cell Tumor?

Caring for a cat with a mast cell tumor requires you to work closely with a trusted veterinarian. There are no at-home fixes for mast cell tumors, and it isn’t recommended to leave them untreated (unless your cat is in a palliative-care state). Surgical removal of tumors is the most common treatment.

It is important to note that surgery is always performed under general anesthesia in cats. For mast cell tumors of the skin, this may be the only treatment necessary to achieve a cure, though the risk of recurrence certainly exists. For splenic and intestinal mast cell tumors, a combination of surgery and chemotherapy may be necessary. Your veterinarian will discuss this with you in more detail.

Antihistamine and antacid medications are often prescribed to help your cat feel better. Following surgery, pain relief is necessary. Cats undergoing chemotherapy may require antibiotics and anti-nausea medications, too. Treating aggressive mast cell tumors can be fairly involved, requiring frequent discussions with your vet and several visits to the vet clinic for check-ups.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are There Any Natural Treatment Options for Mast Cell Tumors?

There are no natural remedies for mast cell tumors. While the internet may be teeming with viable antihistamines, probiotics, and herbal formulas, there is no evidence to suggest that these will shrink or cure mast cell tumors. For cats undergoing appropriate surgical and chemotherapy treatments, natural medications may be a useful adjunct, though they should always be discussed with your veterinarian.

What Is the Prognosis for Cats with Mast Cell Tumors?

The prognosis for cats with a single or solitary mast cell tumor on the skin is good if surgery is performed. The risk of recurrence or spread to other organs is relatively low. Unfortunately, cats suffering splenic or intestinal forms of mast cell tumors have a poorer prognosis. Some cats can live a long life following the removal of the spleen. Intestinal mast cell tumors are more sinister, as the spread is common and achieving a cure is rare. 

Which Breeds Are at Greater Risk of Mast Cell Tumors?

Siamese cats are believed to be more prone to mast cell tumors, though any cat can be affected.

Conclusion

Mast cell tumors are cancers derived from one of the cells of the feline immune system. They can affect the skin, spleen, and intestines. Prognosis is variable, and appropriate veterinary treatment is recommended.

If you have noticed a lump on your cat’s skin, or if your cat is showing signs of being unwell, arrange a consultation with your veterinarian. Earlier detection of mast cell tumors will usually lead to a better health outcome for your cat.

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The post Mast Cell Tumors in Cats: Signs, Causes, Care & FAQ (Vet Answer) by Dr. Joe Mallat DVM (Veterinarian) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

If you have a sick cat, you may wonder if they may be able to spread the same sickness to your unsuspecting dog. The short answer is that it will depend on the illness, but yes, some medical maladies can be passed from a cat to a dog. But, while this can occur, it may be comforting to know that the majority of sicknesses are species-specific and don’t spread from one species to the other.

Below, we’ll explore in more detail some of the medical problems that can spread from a cat to a dog to help empower pet owners with more knowledge on the subject.

The 5 Potential Illnesses That Can Spread From Cats to Dogs

While this is not an exhaustive list, it will include some medical afflictions that can spread from an affected cat to a dog. Some of these illnesses can even spread to people, termed zoonotic diseases, so understanding your cat’s illness to keep other cats, your dog, or even humans safe is imperative!

1. Fleas

Fleas are small insects that live by consuming animal blood. Even though there are more than a couple thousand different flea species, the most common one that affects both cats and dogs is the cat flea, called Ctenocephalides felis felis. These parasites are external ones, which means they live outside their host but still feed off them. While they do not have wings, they are great jumpers for their small size!

Most commonly these insects cause itchiness, discomfort, and irritation to their hosts and can cause flea allergy dermatitis, secondary skin infections, or even anemia in severe circumstances. In addition, fleas are vectors, which means they can transmit a pathogen from themselves to a capable host; some examples for fleas include the bubonic plague, cat scratch disease, or tapeworms.

Signs of fleas may include excess scratching, licking, itching, or hair loss. While inspecting an affected host, you may actually see a fast-moving flea, but this is not always the case. Sometimes, evidence of a flea’s presence is non-existent, or one may find their fecal material, which appears as black specks, in a pet’s fur.

Treatment is two-fold. First, the affected animal must be treated, as well as any other animals that may come into contact with the affected pet. This will work to eliminate the current fleas and to prevent their continued spread. Because species type (cat vs. dog), age, size, weight, etc. are all important components for treatment, veterinary products are recommended. The second part of treatment is environmental cleaning treatment such as vacuuming, laundering, or potential pest control measures to prevent cross-infections or reinfection.

2. Bartonellosis

Bartonellosis, commonly known as cat scratch disease or cat scratch fever, is a bacterial infection due to the bacteria Bartonella henselae. This infectious disease is originally primarily transmitted by infected fleas or ticks to an animal via the bloodstream, but it can also become present if an infected animal scratches or bites an unsuspecting subject. While the disease is fairly common in cats, it can also present in other animals including dogs, humans, and various domestic and wildlife species.

Many cats that are infected are asymptomatic (do not show signs of infection), but this is not always the case in other species, such as dogs. Signs of infection may include fever, vomiting, nose discharge, swollen lymph nodes, sore muscles, lack of appetite, and inflammation of many internal organs including the heart and eyes. Diagnosis is reliant on laboratory testing that can determine if the bacteria is present in blood and treatment of antibiotics is recommended for those who have clinical signs.

Supportive care such as fluids or pain medication may be needed in some cases. Strict flea and tick control is essential in limiting the likelihood of the spread of this disease, and additional considerations include not allowing rough play behaviors such as biting or scratching, trimming a pet’s nails, having energy outlets for enrichment, and having a cat be indoor only.

3. Gastrointestinal (GI) Parasites

There are several internal gastrointestinal (GI) parasites that can originally infect a cat but then be spread to a dog. Roundworms, hookworms, and tapeworms are common culprits that are commonly referred to as “worms” but there are other parasite types such as the protozoan parasite, Giardia.

Testing in some cases may be done with direct examination of the parasite. In other cases, a sample may be subject to various tests, such as examination of an affected fecal sample that is examined under the microscope for eggs, snap tests, etc. Sometimes, no signs in affected pets are noted, while other times there may be diarrhea, weight loss, or a protruding round belly.

Treatment consists of the proper identification of the GI parasite and their subsequent specific treatment. Regular, daily cleanup of the fecal material, using a disinfectant to clean the litterbox on a routine basis, not feeding raw meat diets, and ensuring control of other intermediate hosts, so as to have good control of parasites are all important components for prevention once treated.

4. Mite Infestation

While many different types of mites are species-specific, some kinds can be contagious between species. Ear mites (Otodectic mange) could spread from a cat to a dog and sarcoptic mange (also called Scabies) are a type of mite that is normally more commonly seen in dogs, but can also occur in cats. Both of these mites can spread from one infected animal to an uninfected one most commonly via direct contact.

Common signs include intense itching, hair loss, crusting, and secondary infections. Diagnosis is most often done via sampling areas to examine the mite under the microscope. Treatment via prescription medication to kill the specific type of mite is available. If there is a secondary infection, antibiotics may be needed, and medicated baths or ear cleaners may also be indicated.

5. Ringworm

Did you know that this is not actually a worm, but rather, a fungus? This skin condition is also called dermatophytosis, for the fungi (dermatophytes) that cause the condition. Their fungal spores, originally found in the outdoor environment, can also spread via direct contact with an infected animal such as another cat, as well as from contaminated objects such as bedding.

Signs of an infection include an area of hair loss with redness, scaling, or crusting. The affected animal may also exhibit excess grooming or scratching. In addition, brittle or broken nails with infected nail beds can occur. In people, a characteristic round, raised red lesion is often seen, but this is not the typical presentation found in cats. Testing to confirm ringworm may include the following: a Wood lamp that can fluoresce with light in some infections, a microscopic examination to look for fungal spores, a fungal culture, PCR testing of hair for dermatophyte DNA, or a biopsy sample to be evaluated.

Treatment often consists of a combination of oral antifungals and topical therapy, as well as environmental decontamination and cleaning to prevent reinfection via the fungal spores. If possible, until the cat is cured, isolation of the infected feline from any non-infected animals is ideal. In addition, it is important for any human petting or dealing with the affected animal to wash their hands after contact.

6. Rabies

Rabies is a viral disease that affects the nervous system of any potential mammalian species. Transmission is via an infected animal’s saliva and most commonly occurs via a bite but could also occur if an affected animal’s saliva is transmitted to another via an open wound or through the eyes, nose, or mouth of another. Often wild animals such as raccoons, bats, coyotes, etc. are most likely the species for rabies to originally occur in.

In many parts of the world, a rabid dog can be a common source to infect others but, more recently in America, cats are the most prevalent domestic species infected. This is because some owners may not vaccinate them for rabies as frequently as they do dogs, and the cats can be exposed to rabid wildlife. For an affected animal, the virus travels via the nerves to the brain, and signs of infection may include excess drooling, trouble swallowing, seizures, staggering, paralysis, fearfulness, or aggression.

Once signs are present for rabies, there is no treatment available, but the good news is rabies is entirely preventable through proper vaccination.

7. Kennel Cough

Bordetella bronchiseptica, also commonly referred to as “kennel cough”, is a very contagious bacteria that causes respiratory disease with inflammation in the windpipe (trachea) and bronchi. While often more recognized with dogs, this bacteria can affect both cats and dogs, and even more interesting is that it can spread from one affected species to the other. It can be spread directly, such as with grooming each other, but also in the air with coughing or sneezing.

Furthermore, a contaminated environment (surroundings, bedding, food bowls, etc.) may also allow for the spread. If seen, signs may include coughing, sneezing, eye and nose discharge as well as fever, inappetence, and lethargy. In more severe forms of illness, trouble breathing may also be present. When indicated, treatment consists of specific antibiotics, and pet-safe cough medicine, and in rarer yet harsh illnesses, hospitalization may be needed for further care.

While a vaccine is not entirely foolproof, it can help limit the severity of the illness if contracted; in addition, many boarding and grooming facilities require it.

Prevention Tips

Conclusion

While most pet diseases are species-specific, there are some that can be passed from a cat to a dog. Because of this, for that subset of specific health conditions, it’s important to have awareness, good preventative care, and prompt medical attention as integral components in your toolkit to ensure the best health for your pet.

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The post Can Cats Get Dogs Sick? Our Vet Explains Illnesses & Prevention Tips by Dr. Rachel Ellison DVM (Veterinarian) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Like most veterinarians, I think it’s likely that cats get headaches, and I will demonstrate why; however, it’s not something that has been scientifically confirmed. When asked about headaches in cats, one case always comes to mind.

A middle-aged cat was brought into my clinic for lethargy and anorexia. Bloodwork and imaging tests were normal, and physically, the cat seemed fine, aside from a slightly withdrawn demeanor. We gave him some fluids, pain relief, and anti-nausea medication, and within a day, he got better and went home.

It wasn’t until months later that the same cat became very unwell again, eventually developing neurological symptoms. An MRI scan showed that, to everyone’s dismay, this kitty had a large brain tumor. I immediately knew that this was the cause of his mysterious illness so many months ago. What was he experiencing at that time? Was it a headache?

While this is an extreme and sad example, it highlights some challenges we, as vets, face while trying to diagnose and treat animals. The main problem is that they can’t communicate their symptoms to us. Another issue is that their survival instincts prevent them from showing weakness, so some illnesses can fly under the radar.

Since there is no test for a headache, we can only make assumptions based on our observations and what we know about biology.

What We Know About Headaches

In humans, headaches are one of the most common forms of pain. Our headaches have a spectrum of severity, with the more serious ones being extremely debilitating. The brain does not contain any sensory vessels, so headache pain arises from the nerves surrounding the brain.

People can suffer from primary headaches, which can be triggered by stress, or secondary headaches. Migraines are severe headaches accompanied by light and sound sensitivity, nausea, and vomiting.

Cats can suffer from each condition listed above, so at least some of these issues may manifest as a headache for them. Rats and mice are used as models for studying migraine headaches. Pain receptors in the trigeminal nerve innervate the tissues surrounding the brain, and stimulation of these nerves has been used to induce migraine headaches in rodents.

The fact that animals have these same pathways suggests they can also experience migraines. In one study, the nerves were used in cats to test a migraine drug. A 2013 case study documented a possible case of naturally occurring migraines in a dog. The dog in question was a female Cocker Spaniel who was 5 years old.

She had unusual episodes that lasted up to 3 days and occurred every month or so. Extensive testing, including an MRI scan, showed no abnormalities. Various pain relief medications were not successful until topiramate, a human migraine medication, was tried.

This medication drastically improved her quality of life. This is an unusual presentation in animals but provides strong evidence for animals having migraines. Then again, the human brain is an incredible thing. 200,000- 800,000 years ago, there was a rapid increase in brain size among early humans.

While our increased intelligence gave us an evolutionary advantage, it has a price that we still pay today. Our brain is 2% of our body weight but uses 20% of our blood flow and oxygen. Human-accelerated regions of DNA are areas that evolved quickly, and some of them are involved in brain development.

They are thought to be associated with psychiatric diseases seen in humans; for example, genes associated with schizophrenia are associated with these DNA sequences. Do our unique brains cause us to experience headaches differently from animals or more frequently?

How Can You Tell If Your Cat Has a Headache?

One study investigated the role of neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in migraines and used it to induce pain responses in mice. The mice developed a “grimace,” which involved eye squinting. The feline grimace is a well-known sign of pain in cats, so it’s likely that cats with headaches display this grimace.

How to Help a Cat With a Headache

If you suspect your cat has a headache, you could be right. However, it’s important to remember that your cat can’t communicate with you. While you or I might not always go to a doctor for a headache, it’s important to have your cat checked over by a vet.

Your vet can examine your cat, take their vitals, and assess the situation. This will ensure that nothing serious is causing your cat’s behavior. Remember that cats instinctively mask signs of illness, so if you notice a change, your cat needs help.

Finally, they will make a treatment plan for your cat. If your cat is dehydrated, they may be hospitalized and placed on a fluid drip. Medications could involve pain relief or anti-nausea drugs. You should follow your vet’s instructions carefully.

If your cat is given the all-clear to recover at home, you can set up a comfortable area for them to recover. Since headaches can cause sensitivity to light and sound, your cat may prefer a dark and quiet environment.

You should provide tasty, plain food like boiled chicken and encourage drinking. Offering the water the chicken was cooked in is an excellent way to increase their water intake. Keep a close eye on your kitty as they recover, and report any additional signs to your vet.

Final Thoughts

Headaches are not commonly diagnosed or thought about in animals, but that doesn’t mean they don’t happen. Lack of specific tests, masking tendencies, and an animal’s inability to describe signs could all contribute to headaches being underdiagnosed in animals.

There is a fair amount of evidence to back up cats experiencing headaches. If your cat is showing signs of being unwell, it’s important not to anthropomorphize them by projecting our experiences of headaches onto them. Although headaches are common in people and usually not dangerous, this may not be the case for cats. Cats showing signs of headaches could be experiencing other, even severe, illnesses and should be assessed by a vet for the best outcomes.

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The post Do Cats Get Headaches? Our Vet Explains Facts & Info by Catster Editorial Team appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.