Although cats have lived with humans for millennia, they still do many things that leave us feeling puzzled or confused. One behavior that can surprise or shock new cat owners is a cat’s tendency to show their butt when they start to feel comfortable around them.

While this behavior may be strange to us, it’s quite normal in cats. We can only guess why they do this based on what we already know about feline behavior. Here are six possible reasons your cat may show you their butt.

The 6 Reasons Why Cats Show You Their Butt

1.  Greeting

Similar to dogs, cats can show each other their butts when they’re greeting each other. They have glands near their butt that contain scent information. Cats also tend to have their tails pointing straight up to show that they’re friendly. A relaxed loose body with attentive ears is the body language of a cat giving a greeting.

2. Affection

While it may not be the most desirable action, cats can show their butt as a sign of affection. Cats often show affection to each other by rubbing their bodies against each other. They start with their head and end with their tail. Your cat will also rub against you if they like you. Since they start from head to tail, you’ll usually end up with their butt facing you.

3. Nonthreatening Behavior

Another reason why cats will show their butts is to communicate that they’re not a threat. They’re letting you know that they mean no harm and have no intention of attacking you.

In contrast, agitated or aggressive cats won’t turn their backs towards you. They’ll have a stiff posture, and their hair will be raised to make themselves look bigger. Some cats may crouch and flatten their ears. Cats can also vocalize their agitation by growling or yowling.

4. Trust

Cats are observant and watchful. They won’t turn their backs on people they’re wary of or don’t trust. Therefore, if your cat has their butt facing you while they’re lounging or sleeping, it’s a sign that they really trust you.

Cats often show other signs that they trust you, but you won’t really catch them unless you understand cat behavior. Some other strange but normal ways that cats show trust are if they start to follow you around everywhere, expose their bellies, or headbutt you.

5. Wanting Attention

Cats are experts at knowing how to get our attention. Most cats like a good scratch above the tail so this could be what your cat is after when they show their butt.  Alsoo, if you give a particularly strong response whenever your cat shows you their butt, they’ll learn that it’s an effective way to get your attention. Laughing, showing surprise, or even showing disgust are all ways you may be reinforcing this behavior. Therefore, if you want to see a decrease in this behavior, it’s best not to make a big deal out of it or reward with a scratch.

6. Females in Heat

Female cats that are in heat may raise their butts to attract a mate. They can also flick their tails to signal to male cats that they’re ready to mate. Other signs that a female cat is in heat are increased loud vocalizations, rolling around the floor, and showing increased affection.

Cats that are ready to mate are more susceptible to roaming. Therefore, it’s important to keep a close eye on them and ensure all doors and windows are shut securely to prevent them from leaving their home.

Is It Okay if My Cat Shows Her Butt?

For the most part, your cat will be engaging in normal behavior if they show you their butt. Exposing their rear end isn’t really a sign or symptom of a medical issue. However, if you’re worried the best course of action is to discuss the behavior with a vet.

Since showing their butt is often a sign of affection and trust, you don’t really have to be concerned. However, if it’s becoming too much, you can do some things to train your cat to engage in this behavior less frequently. For example, it’s important to minimize your reaction so that your cat starts to learn that this behavior doesn’t garner your attention. You can also redirect them to doing something else whenever they start to expose their rear end or sit on you. Some ways you can redirect them are to walk away or distract them with a toy.

Conclusion

When a cat shows you their butt, they’re usually letting you know that they like and trust you. They may also do this when they want to receive attention. In most cases, cats won’t show their butt so frequently that it becomes bothersome, and it’s something that cat owners get used to eventually. However, if it does become too disruptive, you can work on retraining and redirecting your cat to do something else to reduce the frequency of this behavior.

Featured Image Credit: RJ22, Shutterstock

The post Why Do Cats Show You Their Butt? 6 Vet-Reviewed Reasons by Jessica Kim appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

You might be quite impressed with your cat’s ability to check out a tub of litter one time and know exactly what to do with it. Why can’t dogs be like that? Even though we’re super impressed with our felines’ bathroom habits, one must wonder—why do cats need a litter box?

And what causes them to just know what they’re doing when they see one? It’s called instincts. Despite our cats being some of the most fearsome predators of their size, they still want to hide from animals bigger and higher up on the food chain than they are. So they bury their urine and feces as a way to hide their scent. In the wild, they may use dirt, sand, leaves, etc., to cover their tracks, but domesticated cats just use a littler box.

Here are some reasons that cats use litter boxes when other animals don’t.

Cats Use Litter Boxes Instinctually

So, if you ever have a kitten blow your mind by being litter trained by round one—it’s to be expected, but not always guaranteed. One thing is for sure, kittens and cats come with built-in wiring to cover their waste.

Out in nature, cats can have many predators to watch out for. Some examples might include dogs, coyotes, bobcats, mountain lions, eagles, and many other larger animals. If these animals can smell cats’ already-strong droppings, they might be hot on their trail.

This is something that a lot of other animals don’t have to worry about, such as dogs, for instance. For the most part, dogs tend to be larger than cats and are more of a force to be reckoned with when it comes to predators than cats are. Dogs tend to mark an area with urine or feces in an obvious way, in order to make it obvious to other animals that they were there, whereas cats want to hide the fact that they were there.

Of course, most domestic cats never have to worry about getting eaten by a predator. They are too busy snoozing in their favorite sunny window to fathom getting eaten.

Regardless of our cats present day, humans have certainly gotten lucky that our cats prefer the coverage. Otherwise living with them could be quite challenging.

Cats Are Masters of Hygiene

Cats absolutely love keeping clean and they spend many hours a day grooming their beautiful coats. They don’t want any dirtiness clinging to them, so they meticulously stroke their coats to remove any debris. In fact, they spend up to 50% of their day keeping up with baths.

They also want to use a litter box for the same reason. It keeps all their waste in one place and keeps the other areas where they live clean. So, it should make you feel good to know that cats are very clean animals, despite any setbacks with litter training.

In actuality, if a cat is refusing to use the litter box, it can be because there’s a problem with some aspect of the litter box. It could be too dirty and need to be changed, or they just don’t like the litter or the litter box for some reason.

Cats Use Waste for Communication

While cats can definitely hide their poop like a pro, they also use their waste to communicate with one another— for social and mating purposes. Our cats can learn so much information about others just by giving their waste a good sniff. So, in some cases, they may not hide their waste if they have a reason to communicate with other cats. They may be looking for a mate, or want to reinforce their territory.

Tips for Cat Litter Training

Even though cats are very smart and just know to use the potty like a baby bird knows to eat a worm, not all will pick it up with ease. Some cats have trouble due to several different factors—but most can be summed up in the simple terms of every kitty is different.

Even if it seems like your cat picked up litter training, there are still a few measures you can put in place to ensure that it sticks. If you are having issues convincing your cat to use the box, here are a few tips.

1. Start Small

At first, you won’t want to give your cat access to the full house. Partial access is fine, but realistically you will want a small space with a floor that is well-protected or at least easy to clean (like wood or laminate).

Allowing your kitten too much space at first can certainly create room for secret accidents you don’t find until much later.

2. Have an Easily Accessible Litter Box

Buying a litter box might seem like a no brainer but your little tyke might appreciate some help. If you get a lower litter box with an easy access point, it can help your cat remember where it is and make climbing in a breeze. Don’t put the litter box too out of the way or in noisy areas.

Some folks choose to use small cardboard boxes or tin trays the first few weeks to create an easily disposable open concept for training. Ultimately, it is whatever is easiest for your cat.

3. Buy the Right Litter

There are tons of different litter box materials on the market right now.

Ultimately, the type of litter will depend on your goal. Do you want a litter that’s natural? Easy to clump? You have options! But at first, it might be easier if your kitten learned with clay. Clay is very attractive to cats because of its texture and coverage abilities.

Some cats can be picky about litter though, so if your cat isn’t using the litter despite the box being clean and easily accessible, they could prefer a different litter type. They also usually like the litter to be a few inches deep. You might have to experiment with different litters to find one your cat likes.

4. Use Positive Reinforcement

Like dogs, cats can respond well to rewards when training. If you catch your cat doing the right thing, offer them a treat. When they start to associate using the litter box with a tasty snack, they are more likely to repeat this behavior in the future. Mosty likely, you will find your cat using the litter without much prompting but if you’re having trouble, placing them in the litter box after a nap or a meal can help. At these times cats are more likely to need to “go”.

5. Keep the Litter Clean

Being fastidiously hygienic animals, cats won’t want to use a dirty litter box. A scoop out at least once a day and refreshing the litter will keep the box in acceptable condition for your cat. Every week or so you should give the litter tray a complete clean out, including washing with soap and water.

6. Increase Range

Once it seems like your cat has it down, you can slowly allow them access to the rest of the house. They will be able to navigate around and still find their litter box. However, if you see a regression, it might be a good idea to limit things again until they get the hand of it.

Litter Box Regression

If it seems like your cat is going backward, don’t fret. Some litter box regression during training can be normal, but it’s best to get a handle on it. Keep in mind that there is a major difference between litter box regression and other bathroom problems—like marking territory, stress-related issues, and medical problems. If you notice your cat straining, urinating in strage places, or blood in the urine you are probably dealing with a medical problem and should book a veterinary appointment.

Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!

If you need to speak with a vet but can’t get to one, head over to PangoVet. It’s an online service where you can talk to a vet online and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price!

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If your cat has reached roughly 6 months of age and you start noticing their urine is a bit strong, they are likely reaching sexual maturity and might very well be spraying—male or female. Spray can be difficult to remove from surfaces and fabrics (and sometimes impossible if it is allowed to build up and your cat repeatedly sprays on a certain area).

The Importance of Spaying and Neutering on Time

When your kitten is growing up, spay and neuter surgery is going to be a hot topic of discussion early on. Not only is it best to prevent unwanted pregnancy and reproduction, but it also curbs otherwise challenging behaviors your cat will develop.

Both heat cycles and male hormones can create household chaos. It can ruin your belongings and make coexisting with your pet difficult.

Many have a misconception that this surgery will cure any and all issues related to spraying. Unfortunately, that’s just not true. While it might calm down the issue, it may never cure it completely especially if you prolong the spay or neuter surgery and your cat makes a habit of it. But the sooner you have the surgery performed, the better chance you’ll have of breaking the habit.

Conclusion

How lucky are we to have capable, intelligent felines terrified of a predator catching a whiff of their poop? It doesn’t matter why in reality; it just matters that it’s super cool our cats need very little to no guidance on bathroom etiquette.

Just remember, even though cats are easy to house train, they can still develop bad behaviors once they reach sexual maturity. If you haven’t done so already, call your vet to schedule a spay/neuter procedure!

Featured Image Credit: Lightspruch, Shutterstock

The post Why Do Cats Use Litter Boxes? Vet-Verified Facts & FAQ by Ashley Bates appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Cats often engage in behaviors that leave us feeling puzzled or confused. Even though we might find them to be strange, many of these behaviors are normal for cats. New cat owners may be surprised by just how much their cats will rub their faces against corners, objects, and even people. However, this action is common feline behavior, and you don’t usually have to be alarmed by it.

While it’s not completely certain why cats will rub their cheeks against corners, cat behaviorists and experts do share a few common speculations. Here are a few possible reasons why your cat may rub their face on corners.

The 5 Reasons Why Cats Rub Their Faces on Corners

1. Marking Territory

One of the most widely accepted theories for cats rubbing their faces on corners is that they’re leaving their scent on objects. Cats use scents to communicate, and they have scent glands located around their cheeks. When cats rub their faces on objects, they leave behind a scent that other cats can detect. Cats can pick up information about other cats when they sniff these scents.

Cats may tend to prefer rubbing their cheeks against corners because corners provide the best grip for them. Rubbing their faces against flat walls can be more difficult, so they’ll usually opt for wall and furniture corners.

2. Greeting

It’s common for cats to greet each other by rubbing their faces. This behavior enables them to exchange scents and learn more about each other. If your cat starts to feel comfortable and likes you, they can start to rub their cheeks against you as soon as you return home to them. You can take this as a sign that your cat is greeting you and wanting to let you know that they like that you’re home.

It’s important to note that not all cats will engage in this behavior with humans. So, you don’t have to be too concerned if your cat doesn’t rub their cheeks against you. They’re probably showing you love and affection through other means and expressions.

3. Wanting Attention

Cats are observant animals and are quick to know what sorts of behaviors grab your attention. Therefore, if you have a habit of giving your cat attention when they rub against you, they’re more likely to continue this behavior. This behavior is reinforced each time you acknowledge your cat when they rub their face against you. Consequently, many cats will start to rub their cheeks against their owners when they’re bored, hungry, or feeling lonely.

4. Showing Affection

Your cat may also rub their cheeks against you as a means of showing affection. Similar to marking territory, cats leave their scent on people by rubbing their cheeks against them. Rather than seeing it as possessiveness, you can receive this behavior as a compliment. Cats won’t rub their cheeks against people they don’t trust or don’t like. So, you can take it as a sign that your cat likes you and sees you as one of their own if they start to rub their cheeks against you.

5. Stress Relief

The act of rubbing faces against something often feels comforting and relaxing for cats. So, they may engage in this behavior when they want to relax or self-soothe. Sometimes, cats will begin to rub their faces against something when they’re feeling stressed or anxious and want to calm down.

Cats also usually start to rub their cheeks against things when they settle down and feel comfortable in a home. In this context, you can take this behavior as a good sign that indicates your cat acknowledges that your home is also their home.

Is It Bad if My Cat Rubs Their Faces on Everything?

While rubbing faces on objects and people is common behavior in cats, there are some cases when it can indicate an underlying problem. Sometimes, rubbing faces can become a compulsive behavior, which is usually caused by a disease or mental health issue. For example, cats can start to rub their faces and press their head against things repeatedly when they have trauma to the head or nervous system, encephalitis, or tumors. Cats may also resort to compulsive head pressing if they’re under a lot of stress or have anxiety.

Compulsive behavior of this sort is also often accompanied by other signs. Your cat may also display increased pacing or circling. They may also become disoriented or lack coordination. Sometimes, you might notice sudden changes in mood or behavior.

If you suspect your cat’s behavior is abnormal, it’s best to contact your veterinarian right away for a physical examination. Your veterinarian can diagnose the cause of the behavior and provide the appropriate treatment.

Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!

If you need to speak with a vet but can’t get to one, head over to PangoVet. It’s an online service where you can talk to a vet online and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price!

Click to Speak With a Vet

Conclusion

For the most part, you don’t have to worry if your cat is rubbing their face against corners and other objects. In fact, you can take it as a compliment if your cat starts to rub their cheeks against you. If you do notice that your cat is starting to rub their face against things much more frequently or notice other changes in their behavior, don’t hesitate to consult your veterinarian to determine what’s causing these changes.

Featured Image Credit: Maria Wan, Shutterstock

The post Why Do Cats Rub Their Face on Corners? 5 Vet-Verified Reasons by Jessica Kim appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Cat ownership would be a lot easier if our pets could tell us their thoughts. However, until someone develops a cat-to-human translator, we have to use context clues and our pet’s body language to decipher their moods.

A cat’s tail is one of the most expressive parts of their body. So, if your cat’s tail is twitching, you’re probably wondering what they’re thinking. Unfortunately, a quivering tail can mean many different things, so you’ll need to put on your thinking cap to determine what’s going on.

From the thrill of practicing their hunting skills to the frustration of aggravating situations, there are many potential reasons for your cat’s tail twitching. Read on to learn more so you can begin to better understand your cat’s mood and the driving forces behind this behavior.

The 6 Reasons Why Cats Twitch Their Tails

1. They’re Hunting

Cats will sometimes twitch their tails because they’re hunting or playing. This happens when they’re focused intensely on their prey, whether it’s a real-life mouse or a fluffy one you just bought from Amazon.

2. They’re Excited

When children are happy and excited, they often jump up and down as a way to release their pent-up energy and express their enthusiasm. Our cats don’t have the same ability to show their happiness, so a quivering tail can also mark anticipation and excitement.

3. They’re Annoyed

When your cat twitches the tip of their tail strongly from side to side, it may be that they’re mildly irritated or frustrated. This could be a warning sign that your pet isn’t fond of something you’ve been doing, but they’re not quite at the point yet where they’re going to take the next step and act on their annoyance.

4. They’re Feeling Aggressive

Tail twitching is sometimes also associated with aggression. The more your pet’s tail moves back and forth, the less happy they may be. Rapid tail movements can mean they’re issuing a threat to you or another pet in the home. You might also see other aggressive behaviors, such as growling or hissing. Their tails may also thwack audibly on the floor or nearby walls.

5. They’re Spraying

You know your cat is spraying when they stand up, hold their tail straight up in the air, and put their rear end toward a target (e.g., walls, bedding, curtains, etc.). Their tail will be quivering, and they’ll spray urine onto an object.

Spraying is most likely to occur in cats that have reached sexual maturity, and it can occur in both male and female cats. It happens most often in intact males and females in heat, though those that have been spayed or neutered can also spray.

6. They Have Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome

Feline hyperesthesia syndrome (FHS)—also known as “twitchy cat syndrome”—is a rare condition that causes increased sensitivity to touch and uncontrollable muscle contractions. FHS is poorly understood, and its root cause is still unknown, though it is most often attributed to neurological, psychological, or dermatological causes. Before it can be diagnosed, other conditions that cause similar signs must be ruled out.

Cats with this condition may quiver their tail, but they’ll often exhibit other signs, including:

How Can I Know Why My Cat’s Tail Is Twitching?

With so many reasons for your cat’s tail twitching, it can feel impossible to determine what your cat is feeling. However, it’s actually relatively easy if you stop and consider your behavior and your kitty’s current environment.

Think about what your kitty is currently doing, their body language, and what’s going on around them to determine the exact reason for your pet’s tail twitching.

For example, a cat that your toddler is tormenting is unlikely to be twitching their tail out of excitement, especially if their ears are pulled back and they’re staring your child down. It’s much more likely in this scenario that your cat is feeling annoyed and ready to strike.

Likewise, if you’re using your cat’s favorite toy to play with them, it’s unlikely they’re twitching their tail because they’re spraying or feeling aggressive.

Consulting with a vet is an excellent way to help identify environmental or behavioral issues if you want some extra support.

Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!

If you need to speak with a vet but can’t get to one, head over to PangoVet. It’s an online service where you can talk to a vet online and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price!

Click to Speak With a Vet

What Else Your Cat’s Tail Cat Tell You

Cats exhibit other tail postures aside from twitching because it’s one of the few ways they can convey their mood and communicate with other cats and humans.

How Else Do Cats Convey Mood?

Cats don’t only use their tails to convey their mood. Other subtle (and not so subtle) body language cues include:

Final Thoughts

As you can see, a cat’s tail twitches can mean a lot of things. It’ll be hard to determine the exact reason behind your pet’s tail movements without also taking into account their body language and context clues from their environment. However, once you consider what else is happening in your cat’s world and how to read their body language, you’ll be an expert on your pet’s moods and feelings.

Featured Image Credit: olivier.laurent.photos, Shutterstock

The post Why Does My Cat’s Tail Twitch? 6 Vet-Reviewed Reasons by Chantelle Fowler appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

It’s hard not to notice a tortoiseshell cat. Their appearance is striking, with their uniquely colored fur. No two felines are the same, and genetics control the variations. The vast majority are also female, adding to their mystique. The pattern is more prevalent in some breeds, but the tortoiseshell is not a breed; it merely describes the color pattern.

The term describes animals with a mottled patchwork of orange and non-orange hues. They can be black or some variation, from ginger to chocolate to cream. Calicos are similarly colored, with the addition of white, making them a tri-colored variant of the tortoiseshell cat. However, the Tortoiseshell Cat only has black and orange markings.

The Earliest Records of the Tortoiseshell Cat in History

It’s unclear when the first tortoiseshell cat appeared, but ancient records suggest they were mentioned by the Celts and Khmers of Southeast Asia. When the tortoiseshell variant occurs in female cats, it’s simply a manifestation of a dominant, sex-linked trait.

The gene controlling its physical expression is located on the X chromosome. Each parent contributes a copy or an allele of the two they possess to each of their offspring. A kitten must only inherit one copy of the trait to be visually present.

A recessive trait only appears if both alleles are the same copy. For example, if the alleles an offspring receives from their parents are OO or Oo, the dominant trait is present. The capital O is shorthand for the dominant tortoiseshell variant, and the small letter is the recessive. The only way for the tortoiseshell not to be visible is if both alleles are oo, making the cat brown or black and not orange.

A Genetic Explanation

However, that fact raises another question. If this color characteristic is dominant, why don’t all female tortoiseshell cats have the orange color? If she is OO or Oo for the trait, you’d expect the cat to be orange without any black coloration. The answer lies in evolution’s role in survival.

Interestingly, researchers have identified over 1,000 genes on the X chromosomes. The Y chromosome of males doesn’t have nearly as many. Nevertheless, that doesn’t mean the X-linked traits are viable or necessary for survival. Some are harmful and potentially fatal. How did evolution deal with this conflict?

Natural selection prevents the expression of some X-linked characteristics through a process known as X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). That means some O alleles are suppressed, leading to the mottled patchwork we call tortoiseshell, with orange and black present. XCI doesn’t happen in male cats. If the animal inherits a single O dominant allele, the feline is orange or black, not both.

The incidence of the tortoiseshell male cat has another genetic twist. Early scientists deduced it must be sex-linked simply because of the inheritance pattern and the animal’s sex.¹ The only way a male animal could have this pattern is if they had two X chromosomes, allowing the orange and black to be visible, making them XXY. It can occur if the cat has inherited the Klinefelter syndrome.²

This condition also exists in humans. It’s not surprising since we share 90% of our DNA with cats.³ Sadly, Klinefelter’s syndrome has many risks, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, some cancers, and autism. This random genetic mutation also causes sterility in males. That explains its rarity among male cats and its prevalence in females.

Why the Tortoiseshell Color Appeared in the First Place

The domestic cat is a descendant of the African Wild Cat (Felis silvestris lybica). This feline is notably sand-colored to match their arid habitat and provide camouflage. Why do our pets come in so many color variations, like tortoiseshells? An animal with this pelage would stand out and probably won’t survive. The answer lies with domestication.

Charles Darwin theorized that selective breeding profoundly impacted animals’ genetics and phenotype or physical appearance. Scientists later observed relative depigmentation and other traits associated with breeding animals to be tame. The term domestication syndrome describes these changes people induced in the animals they domesticated.

The pleasing coloration, like tortoiseshell and other characteristics we prefer, results from human efforts for selective breeding. This process occurs much faster than natural selection. What would take Nature thousands of years occurs in a handful of generations with human intervention. Of course, evolution also had a say.

How the Tortoiseshell Cat Gained Popularity

While the earliest records are unclear, the tortoiseshell likely has been in the domestic cat’s gene pool since ancient times. The folklore of many cultures contains accounts of this beautiful but mysterious feline, with explanations of the animal’s appearance and supposed meaning. Stories exist from the United Kingdom to Japan and the United States about the tortoiseshell’s unique coat.

The beauty of the tortoiseshell pattern is undoubtedly a factor in its popularity. The animal’s appearance is unique, often with eye-catching markings. Remember that formal cat breeds are a relatively recent phenomenon. Enthusiasts may have tried selectively breeding felines to increase their prevalence. The occurrence in males is random, with no guarantee of tortoiseshell offspring.

Formal Recognition of the Tortoiseshell Cat

Formal recognition of the tortoiseshell cat rests with the breeds in which it is a permitted color. The Persian is an ancient breed, with tortoiseshell among its many accepted colors. Other breeds with similar standards include the following:

The tortoiseshell color is not allowed in breed standards where the appearance is integral to the animal’s conformation. The Chartreux and Russian Blue are two classic examples, with only a single color and its variants allowed. Remember that parent clubs that approve tortoiseshells also include calico by its very definition, with the latter being tri-colored versus the bi-colored tortoiseshell.

Top 4 Unique Facts About the Tortoiseshell Cat

1. The Tortoiseshell Variation Is a Rare Occurrence.

Scientists estimate that it only occurs in an estimated 1 in 3,000 male cats. The prevalence of sterility in these animals is a mitigating factor in its scarcity.

2. Variations of the Tortoiseshell Pattern Exist.

While each cat is different, some noted variations of the tortoiseshell coloration exist, including the tortoiseshell tabby and bridled cat.

3. A Small Study Hypothesized Gene Stability as an Explanation for the Tortoiseshell Color.

The researchers identified two fertile males with this color variant. The animals had the usual 38 chromosomes without the XXY in felines with Klinefelter’s syndrome. They determined that all things being equal, gene stability was the only explanation for the cats’ coloration and fertility.

4. Another Explanation That’s Even More Fantastical and Rare Involves Chimerism.

Chimerism defines an organism with cells from two sources. In this case, the second organism is the reabsorbed DNA of a deceased twin embryo. Scientists identified what they believed was the first case of a fertile tortoiseshell male cat displaying chimerism.

Does a Tortoiseshell Cat Make a Good Pet?

The tortoiseshell will make a delightful pet, regardless of the breed. Much depends on the animal’s rearing and care. We suspect the kitty’s unique appearance may garner more attention and pampering. One of the most critical considerations is providing adequate mental stimulation and enrichment for your pet.

Felines are intelligent and need stimulation for their mental health. You can satisfy this need with regular interaction with your pet and interactive toys that challenge them. Understanding the financial and time commitment of inviting a cat into your life is imperative for their welfare and well-being.

Conclusion

The tortoiseshell cat isn’t a breed but a recognized color variation accepted by many parent clubs. Its appearance is the result of eons of evolution that have shaped the animal’s DNA and improved their fitness for survival. The trait picked up many enthusiasts who marveled at the cat’s beauty along the way. The tortoiseshell pattern is also a genetics lesson since it’s an X-linked characteristic.

Featured Image Credit: Tinka Mach, Shutterstock

The post Tortoiseshell Cat: Info, Pictures, Care & Facts by Chris Dinesen Rogers appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

We won’t waste any time. Yes, cats recognize their owners—and any cat owner can attest to this. When you get home from work, you are quite sure that the enamored beast meowing, rubbing, and bunting your whole body wouldn’t act this way with just anyone.

So, naturally, our cats can recognize us in the fact that we are familiar. But do they notice us more than anyone else they see frequently? Are we special? Do they know they belong with us? Let’s explore it a little!

A Human’s Need to Humanize Pets

As humans, we have an innate desire to humanize everything around us in a way that makes the environment more relatable to our own experience. Wondering if our cats recognize us is one of the ways we do it.

It is pretty obvious after spending any quality time with your cat that not only do they know you, but they also prefer you. While their body language tells us this in every way, we might need more confirmation.

So, if it makes you feel better—yes! Your cat definitely recognizes you and it’s not just because you’re the one who fills the food bowl (although, you definitely get bonus points for doing that!).

How Do Cats Recognize Humans?

Our cats can recognize us using their same five senses, ultimately. But let’s pick it apart a bit.

1. Vision

You may think that one of the most obvious ways your cat identifies you is with their eyes. Cats are not wired to respond to human emotions and facial expressions the way dogs are, but that doesn’t mean they can’t read them at all. One study showed that cats were able to recognize facial expressions and responded better to their owners than to a strangers. They can also respond to social cues like following your gaze.

Surprisingly, however, sight is not the most obvious way your cat identifies you. What are the stronger senses?

2. Smell

Our cats’ sense of smell is otherworldly. In fact, if we are measuring, it is 14 times better than a human’s—how impressive! Cats can be extremely sensitive to changes in their environment because of their heightened senses.

We give information all the time to our cats through scent alone without even realizing it! Cats can have up to 200 million odor receptors that are directly linked to memory. Cats use this sense of smell to help identify you. They may associate your smell with certain feelings. Not only that, but a study has proven that, like dogs, cats can recognize and respond to emotional chemosignals, meaning your cat may understand if you’re happy or scared by your scent!

4. Sound

A 2013 study showed that cats can recognize the sound of their owner’s voices. Your voice is so familiar to your cat, but even the pace of your steps or the sound of your feet on the floor might help your cat identify you. Each of us has a different stride and weight, creating varying sounds as we walk.

Your cat can recognize their name, and potentially a few other familiar words. The communication goes two ways as cats will use vocalizations to interact with you.

5. Familiar Routines

Our cats know us well. They might not be able to tell the time, but they do develop routines. They wake up at 5 a.m. for food and know you get home at 6 in the evening. Sure, maybe they can’t tell time, but they can tell the time of day.

How Long Do Cats Remember Us?

Cats are capable of having short- and long-term memories. How they catalog them depends on the importance of experiences. If you have had your cat for a long time and developed a bond, there is a very good chance that they will remember you their whole lives.

What’s sad is that if you adopt an adult cat, they might miss and even look for their old family for months. That is why getting a pet is no joke—they truly attach themselves to your family unit.

This information should make you feel better if you go on vacation or do something a little more time-intensive, like going off to college. Your cat will remember you and shower you with affection upon your return.

Like us, however, cats lose their ability to sharply remember as they age. Cognitive decline usually happens in senior cats, with 50% of cats over 15 years being affected.

Conclusion

Now you know a little more about a cat’s memory and how they view us. Our cats can recognize us in several ways, just like they learn and retain memories of many other happenings in their lives.

So, now you can be sure that your cat knows you, they love you, and they’ll never forget you. Don’t worry—they could pick you out of a lineup and that’s all that matters!

Featured Image Credit: phM2019, Shutterstock

The post Do Cats Recognize Their Owners? Vet-Verified Facts & FAQ by Ashley Bates appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

When your cat is interacting with you—things are going to get weird from time to time. Whether they are taking their time getting really up close to sniff you or they are invading your space by bunting and rolling all over your body, they aren’t much for personal space.

So, if you have noticed that every time you get close to your cat, they stick their little murder mitten on your mouth, you might wonder what gives. Why do these critters constantly behave in the weirdest of ways and why does my cat put his paw on my mouth? We may have an answer for you.

The 6 Possible Reasons Why Your Cat Puts Their Paw on Your Mouth

1. Affection

One of the most obvious reasons your cat might be putting their paw on your face is to show you affection. Our cats don’t know a lot about personal space, and some of them will invade you and get as close to your body as humanly possible.

When they do, they might place their paws on your face, mouth, chest, or anywhere else they feel like getting closer to you. You use your mouth to speak to them as well, so it might even be a little paw of acknowledgment.

2. Attention

If you aren’t giving your cat enough attention, they might put their paw where your mouth is! After all, maybe you need to be quiet and listen to their request. Or perhaps it inadvertently worked in the past, and they’ve learned that putting their paw on your mouth is a surefire way of getting your attention. 

Whether they have an empty food bowl or they just want to cuddle up and take a nap, it might be a way for them to really put all the attention on themselves. After all, you weren’t listening otherwise!

3. Communication

Our cats try to communicate with us in a variety of ways. Although body language is the number one way a cat communicates, they also use a series of vocalizations and actions to deliver messages to us.

If a cat is putting a paw on your mouth, they might simply be trying to tell you something. Be sure to pay attention to other bodily cues and see if you can figure out the underlying message. Haven’t you always wanted to decode cat language?

4. Playfulness

Your cat might be feeling a little frisky. They might crawl up on you and put their paw on your mouth as a way to entice you to play. If so, you might notice other body language, like their tail whipping, eyes dilating, or their body tensing.

It might be time to grab the feather teaser to give them a romp around the house so they can burn some energy.

5. Trust

If your cat puts their paw on your mouth, this is obviously a very intimate action. Some people claim that your cat doing so demonstrates how much they trust you.

After all, they wouldn’t climb on top of a stranger and get up in their face unless you have a particularly social and needy feline. So, you may conclude that they simply adore you and trust you with their entire being. Aren’t you lucky?

6. Comfort

Your cat might be nestling up your chest, pawing you in the mouth. This might be a general sign of comfort, especially if it’s accompanied by other actions like purring.

Why Should You Not Let Paws on Your Mouth?

Even though a cat putting its paw on your mouth is a super adorable action, they probably really shouldn’t be doing that.

Realistically, your mouth is an entryway to your digestive system and also links to your respiratory system, so it can transmit all kinds of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other undesirable things into your body.

Our cats are pretty clean most of the time. But in reality, they track all sorts of “nasties” (bacteria, parasites, and other pathogens) through their litter boxes, often coming in contact with their own urine and feces. This can be very problematic and not the most sanitary thing to have on your face.

After all, you wouldn’t want your cat walking on your food plate, so you probably wouldn’t want them putting their tiny toe beans on your face.

Germ Transmission

Realistically, even though most viruses and illnesses that a cat can get can only be transmitted from the same species, there are zoonotic diseases. So, if your cat is putting their paw on your mouth and they came in contact with their urine or feces, they can transmit a number of things to you, including:

Salmonellosis

Salmonella is a bacterial genus, and many strains of these bacteria can cause extreme gastrointestinal distress and humans. It can range from mild to severe, and you often pick it up on surfaces or ingest it through the food you eat. If your cat’s waste or anything that they have walked on has a Salmonella bacterium, they can easily transmit it to you by putting their paw on your mouth.

E.coli

E.coli, like Salmonella, is a bacterium that can upset the gastrointestinal tract. It can be transmitted from urine, feces, and other surfaces.

Parasites

The last thing we want to think about is getting parasites from our pets. However, if you don’t keep up with routine deworming and other parasite prevention, we can come in contact with some pretty nasty things.

If your cat is putting their paws on your mouth, tiny eggs can transmit into your system and actually cause an infection for you. To prevent this entirely, it is very important to keep up with routine parasite prevention.

Even if you do, it’s always best to err on the side of caution and prevent your pet from touching your face.

Conclusion

Sometimes, cats can just be weird creatures and there’s not really any rhyme or reason to the things that they do. However, you know your cat better than anybody so you likely can get a pretty good idea based on body language alone.

Remember, even though it’s very cute for your cat to gently place their paw on your mouth, it can cause several issues in the long run. It is extremely easy for your cat to transmit germs, bacteria, and other problematic issues to you through your mouth.

In any case, to each their own, we just think it’s important for you to know the risks!

Featured Image Credit: Nataliabiruk, Shutterstock

The post Why Does My Cat Put His Paw on My Mouth? 6 Possible Reasons (Vet-Reviewed) by Ashley Bates appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

If it seems like your cat sleeps a lot, it’s probably because it’s true. Cats love nothing more than having a few cat naps throughout their day. The average number of hours a cat sleeps a day will vary depending on several different factors, including their age and breed. However, healthy adult cats can sleep from anywhere between 12 to 16 hours a day.¹

Cats have different sleeping habits than humans, and it can take new cat owners some time to get used to them. Getting enough sleep is vital to a cat’s health and well-being. So, if you’re ever concerned about your cat’s sleeping schedule, consult your veterinarian to determine if your cat’s getting just the right amount of sleep.

Average Hours of Sleep for Kittens and Cats

The amount of sleep a cat gets in a day can vary depending on their age. In general, young kittens tend to sleep more than adult cats. They can sleep for about 20 hours a day.² During the hours they’re awake, they’re usually extremely active, curious, and playful.

By the time a kitten reaches young adulthood, they require less sleep and will sleep between 12 to 16 hours. The number of hours they sleep will increase again when they start to reach their senior life stage. Senior cats tend to sleep more and move around less, especially as they start to experience mobility loss and other age-related health issues.

It’s important to note that cats don’t sleep for multiple consecutive hours at a time throughout the day. They usually sleep for a little over an hour and will engage in some sort of activity before taking another nap. Their sleep is broken up at various parts of their day, and the cumulative amount of sleep they get per day adds up to about 12 to 16 hours.

Why Do Cats Sleep So Much?

Cats and humans have different sleep patterns. Most humans are monophasic sleepers, which means that we’ll sleep for one long period, typically at night. In contrast, cats are polyphasic sleepers. This means that they sleep for shorter periods of time throughout the day and night.

It’s believed that polyphasic sleeping is beneficial for survival because it enables cats to get rest without falling into deep sleep and being easy prey for natural predators. In the wild, cats will also consume a lot of energy during their waking hours because they’re usually hunting for prey. They have to engage in strenuous activities, like climbing trees and pouncing. So, it’s important for them to get enough rest in between to be able to have enough energy for their next hunt.

You may also notice that your cat is most active during sunrise and sunset. This is because they’re crepuscular animals, and these times of day are when they naturally feel energized and ready to hunt and explore.

When to Be Concerned

Since sleep is essential to your cat’s well-being, it’s important to familiarize yourself with your cat’s sleep patterns. While cats do sleep a lot more than most humans, sometimes they may sleep too much. Sometimes, cats will oversleep if they’re bored and under-stimulated. Boredom is a significant wellness issue, as bored cats are susceptible to developing behavioral issues, including destruction, over-grooming, and depression. It’s important for cats to get plenty of exercise, mental stimulation, and social interaction every day to keep them happy and healthy.

Sometimes, increased sleep can indicate an underlying health issue or an injury. Injured cats may sleep or rest more to recuperate from their injury and because they’ve lost some mobility. Many health issues, such as hyperthyroidism, diabetes, cancer, kidney disease, heart disease, and liver disease, can also cause increased sleep or changes in sleep patterns.

If you notice any sudden changes in your cat’s sleep patterns, it’s best to consult your veterinarian. Your veterinarian can complete a physical exam on your cat and run additional diagnostic tests to diagnose any underlying health issues that may be causing sleep. They can also let you know if the increased sleep is simply due to aging.

Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!

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Conclusion

Cats spend about half their day napping or sleeping. Their sleep is usually distributed at various parts of the day, and it’s common for them to nap after they’ve expended their energy from exercising or playing. Since sleep patterns can help you keep track of your cat’s health, make sure to keep an eye on your cat’s sleeping habits. This will help you to act as quickly as possible if they need veterinary care.

• Also see: How Many Hours Do Kittens Sleep? Early Habits & Behaviors Explained (Vet-Verified Info)

Featured Image Credit: Garna Zarina, Shutterstock

The post How Many Hours Does a Cat Sleep? Vet-Reviewed Facts & FAQ by Jessica Kim appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Picture this. Walking in your front door after a long, grueling day at work. The house is quiet, but then you hear it in the distance: a sweet chirrup that announces your cat’s presence. They come around the corner, stretching toward you and meowing their approval of your return. It’s a truly heartwarming sight, but why does your cat stretch whenever they see you?
Read on to find five common reasons behind your cat’s stretching behaviors.

The 5 Common Reasons Cats Stretch When They See You

1. They’re Trying to Communicate With You

Perhaps the most likely reason your cat is stretching when they see you is because they’re trying to communicate with you. This subtle form of communication allows your cat to announce their presence while also greeting you when you come home. It tells you that they’re ready to interact with you and receive your attention.

Your cat may also stretch when they see you as a way of inviting you to play with them, so grab their favorite feather wand and get to it!

2. They Need More Mobility

It’s certainly no secret that cats enjoy their naps; they spend up to 16 hours of their day asleep, after all. When you get home from work or running errands, you’re probably interrupting one of your cat’s many daily naps. When they come to welcome you home in their still sleepy stupor, they’ll need to recover some muscle flexibility from their extended snoozefest. Stretching allows them to get their blood circulating again and regain control of their bodies.

3. They’re Preparing to Play

You already know that cats sometimes stretch to prepare their bodies for mobility, but they may be doing so as a way to prepare themselves for play. Your cat may interpret your presence as an opportunity for play, so when they’re stretching when they see you, it’s their way of priming their body and getting their muscles ready for the play that’s about to take place.

4. They Feel Secure Around You

When your cat does a really big stretch, they let their guard down, making them unprepared for incoming attacks and unable to flee on a dime if a predator were to show up. So when your kitty stretches out in front of you to show, they’re showing you just how secure and comfortable they are in your presence.

5. They’re Marking Their Territory

Don’t let the domestic cat’s small size fool you; they’re very territorial beings. Your cat has many ways of marking their territory. You’re probably familiar with some of the most common territorial behaviors, such as head bunting, kneading, and face rubbing, but stretching is another technique cats employ to mark objects (and people) as their property. They have scent glands in their paws, so when they stretch, they’re leaving their scent behind and establishing their territory.

Why Are Cats So Flexible?

If you’ve ever watched your cat stretch, you’ve probably seen them contort themselves in bizarre, seemingly impossible ways. Cats sometimes twist their bodies in directions that shouldn’t be possible, given the fact that they have spines. How can their backs twist into pretzel-esque shapes? It is actually the design of their spines (well, their vertebrae, more precisely) that gives them this flexibility.

A cat’s vertebrae are connected flexibly with elastic cushioning disks between each. This limber spine is what allows them to perform the graceful acrobatic feats they’re so well-known for.

Additionally, their shoulder blades attach to the rest of their body by muscles and not bone, allowing for unparalleled freedom to move.

Final Thoughts

Cats engage in many enigmatic behaviors, including stretching. Stretching toward you is most often a sign of openness to play, security in your presence, and a way to greet you when you arrive home after work. However, some cats may simply be stretching in your direction as they wake up from a nap and try to get their blood flowing again, or it could be your pet’s way of marking their territory.

Featured Image Credit: svetkor, Shutterstock

The post Why Do Cats Stretch When They See You? 5 Common Reasons by Chantelle Fowler appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Experienced cat owners know that no matter how much we bond with and learn about our pets, there will always be at least a few behaviors that leave us scratching our heads. Cats have all kinds of quirks ranging from entertaining to frustrating to just plain creepy, and if your cat is the type to stare at nothing, you know how eerie it can be.

Cats don’t sense an unseen spirit when they gaze into the distance, but they usually perceive something we don’t notice. If this is a common occurrence in your home, we’ll explain five reasons cats stare at nothing and when it should be cause for concern.

The 5 Reasons Cats Stare at Nothing

1. They See, Smell, or Hear Something Nearby

Most of the time, a cat seemingly staring at nothing is indeed alert to something we simply don’t notice. As a natural predator, cats have highly tuned senses to pick up minor movements and faint traces of prey to aid them while hunting.

Cats Have Sharper Senses

Cats have remarkable hearing. They pick up frequencies up to 64,000 Hz (versus our 20,000 Hz maximum) and catch noises from further away than humans can, capturing sounds we could never hear.

Meanwhile, a superior nose allows cats to register smells up to 14 times better. With their sharp eyesight, which some believe can process UV light, we can see they have several ways of sensing stimuli that pass right under our noses.

When cats stare intensely at nothing, their keen senses may reveal something as minor as an insect, a leaky pipe in the wall, or a flash of light. If you catch your cat looking intently in a random direction, watch their ear pinnae.

As they stare, their ears will orient in the direction of your cat’s gaze to help them localize the sound source, telling you they heard something you didn’t.

2. Cognitive Dysfunction

Cognitive dysfunction is a common occurrence as cats age. Most cats experience some form of cognitive decline over 11 years old, with memory, awareness, learning ability, and sensory perception potentially failing gradually.

As cats experience confusion that comes with mental decline, they may stare blankly at walls or off into space, often showing additional signs such as:

Your vet can evaluate your pet to rule out other underlying causes of these behaviors. If they find your cat suffers from age-related cognitive decline, they may offer anti-anxiety medications and provide at-home tips to accommodate your pet’s changing needs and slow the effects.

Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!

If you need to speak with a vet but can’t get to one, head over to PangoVet. It’s an online service where you can talk to a vet online and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price!

Click to Speak With a Vet

3. Focal Seizures

Affecting roughly 1%–2% of the cat population, seizures occur when abnormal electrical activity in the brain causes various physical effects, notably convulsions and twitching. Epilepsy is the repeated occurrence of seizures at least 24 hours apart.

Unlike generalized seizures that occur when both brain hemispheres are affected, a focal seizure refers to unusual activity in a particular region. Restricted or involuntary movements are often limited to one area, such as the face, with visible signs varying depending on which part of the brain is affected.

Altered mentation may happen during a focal seizure, causing cats to stare blankly at nothing.

Cats may also snap their mouths in a behavior called fly-biting, with some swatting at the air or becoming aggressive. In rare instances, episodes can progress to generalized seizures.

4. Petit Mal Seizures

Petit mal seizures, or absence seizures, are rare forms of generalized seizures typically only showing minor, non-motor signs. Cats may not go into convulsions but instead act disoriented, unresponsive, and unaware of their surroundings, often staring into space for several seconds.

5. Hyperesthesia

Feline hyperesthesia syndrome (FHS), also called rolling skin disease or twitchy cat disease, is a condition that causes extreme sensitivity in a cat’s skin, primarily on the back. It’s most common in younger cats and those of certain Oriental breeds, including Abyssinian, Burmese, Persian, and Siamese.

Cats with FHS become more agitated when petted or touched and exhibit unique behaviors and signs, including:

FHS may be related to seizures in some instances, though it can also be a behavioral issue. As with seizures, FHS has numerous potential causes, ranging from toxins to parasitic infections.

Veterinarians can perform comprehensive exams to rule out medical causes of FHS. They may issue medications, create unique diet plans, and provide guidance on environmental enrichment and new routines to ease your cat’s nerves.

What To Do If Your Cat Stares at Nothing

Cats are prone to staring at what seems like nothing, and it’s rarely cause for concern. They’re simply engaging their drive for predation or self-preservation, noticing an odd noise and orienting towards it to determine if they should pursue, retreat, or do nothing.

The behavior can be problematic if your cat’s staring is stressful or accompanies signs of seizures, FHS, or cognitive decline. While some causes, like sporadic focal seizures, may not need treatment, frequent staring and additional signs of health problems should warrant a vet visit.

Stressful stimuli may also catch your cat’s attention. Investigate the source of their staring to determine if it’s an isolated behavior, especially if your cat stares at the same place at predictable points during the day. They may notice outdoor movements, changes in light, or sharp sounds that make them anxious. Sometimes, something as easy as closing the curtains is enough to give them relief.

Conclusion

With their heightened senses and unique ways of thinking, cats almost seem to live in another world entirely. While we might think they’re staring at nothing, we likely aren’t appreciating the minute disturbances that put them on the alert.

Health issues may be at play in rare instances, but more often than not, this behavior is just one of the many fun quirks that make life with pets so magical.

Featured Image Credit: Jilin Su, Shutterstock

The post Why Do Cats Stare at Nothing? 5 Surprising Reasons by Nicole Cosgrove appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.