Going to the vet’s office isn’t much different than seeing your doctor. You want to make the most out of your time with minimal hassle. Your veterinarian also wants to use their time effectively to help you and your animal with the problem at hand.  After all, taking your cat to the clinic is never easy. Cats often find the whole process of visiting the vet very stressful, so being as efficient as you can and being prepared for your trip can make a big difference.

Cats don’t always make it easy for their owners. They are masters at hiding signs of being unwell which often means that cats are really quite sick by the time their owners realize there is a problem.  We’ve put together some tips for keeping your vet visit as smooth and efficient as possible so that you get the information you need and your cat gets the treatment they need.

The 11 Tips for Being Efficient at the Vet’s Office

1. Not Everything Warrants a Physical Trip to the Vet

Throughout your cat’s life, they should visit the vet for an annual exam to update vaccinations and do any necessary health tests. An in-person visit is essential for this. However, every cat owner understands the stress their feline companions experience when going to the clinic. So, it’s helpful to know that not all trips warrant a physical trip to the vet. Thankfully, teletriage sites like PangoVet exist, where you can schedule an online meeting with a veterinarian. This can be extremely helpful when you have minor questions about, for example, your cat’s behavior, but it can also be useful in deciding if your cat’s problem warrants an in-person vet visit or not.

It’s worth noting that online virtual exams aren’t a substitute for an in-person visit, but in some cases they are very useful. If your cat requires hospitalization or surgery, is experiencing a medical emergency or requires tests, you will need to take them to your vet (or an emergency clinic), but for basic questions about your animal, sites such as PangoVet can be extremely useful.  Remember that in most countries and states, your animal will have to be “under the care” of a veterinarian for them to be prescribed medications.  This means your pet has to have been seen by the vet, in person, within the last 6 months.  Nevertheless, virtual exams can offer a viable option for veterinary advice in some cases.

Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!

If you need to speak with a vet but can’t get to one, head over to PangoVet. It’s an online service where you can talk to a vet online and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price!

Click to Speak With a Vet

2. Make a List of Your Cat’s Signs

Your vet uses your observations of your cat to help signpost what might be going on. Your veterinarian is at a disadvantage when you bring your pet to the clinic because your cat undoubtedly acts differently away from home. Their stress is in overdrive. Therefore, the information you can provide your vet is critical. Many signs are non-specific, such as loss of appetite or lethargy, but they help your vet begin to build up a clinical picture with valuable details.

Besides, you know what’s normal and abnormal for your kitty. Write your concerns down to give your vet as much info as possible. It will save time at the vet and will ensure you don’t miss any of the details.  Having all the details from the start will help your vet reach a diagnosis and treat your pet faster.

3. Anticipate the Questions Your Vet May Have

Appetite, activity level, and litter box habits are things your vet will undoubtedly ask you to detail. Make their job more efficient by having the answers ready. Anticipate other questions based on the complaint. If your cat is vomiting, note how often and the consistency. If your cat loses their appetite, notice how long it’s been going on and whether they eat at all or just their favorite foods.

4. Write Down Your Questions

You undoubtedly have questions and concerns. Do yourself a favor and write them down so that you don’t forget anything important. Remember that you have your vet’s undivided attention during your appointment. Get the most out of your time. No question is silly. It’s better to get all the facts so that you understand what is wrong with your cat and the plan to make things better.

5. Gather Any Necessary Medical Records and Medications

Your vet needs the complete picture to understand what is going on. Ensure you have your cat’s vaccination record, and if your cat takes any medication, ensure that you know which medication, how much and how often they take it. If this is your first visit to a new vet, it is worth calling the practice ahead of your appointment to make sure they have received your cat’s medical history from your previous vet’s office.

6. Get Your Cat Used to the Carrier Before Going to Your Appointment

You’ll need to transport your cat to the veterinary clinic in a carrier.  As a general rule, cats are highly suspicious of cat carriers, and the best way to reduce this suspicion is by getting your cat used to the carrier ahead of needing it.  Have your cat carrier in the living room so that your kitty can sniff and investigate it on their own time. Feed your cat treats in the carrier on a normal day so that they start to find the carrier less stressful.  When you are planning to put your cat into the carrier to transport them to the vet clinic, we suggest putting something that has your cat’s scent on it, like a favorite blanket or towel inside it to make it seem more familiar. There are even pheromone sprays that can help your kitty relax more easily.

7. Purchase a Good Quality Cat Carrier

Cat carriers come in all shapes and sizes.  Ensure you have a cat carrier that is large enough for your cat and that is made of hard plastic, as these are much more secure.  Carriers that have a removable lid are ideal so that your cat can be examined while remaining in the comfort of their box.  Being able to remove the lid also means that a frightened cat doesn’t have to be dragged out of the door of the carrier for their examination.

8. Allow Your Cat to Use the Litter Box Before You Go

Give your kitty time to use the litter box before your appointment. Your cat may soil the carrier, making it unpleasant and more time consuming for everyone. Remember that felines are clean animals, so sitting in a dirty carrier is undoubtedly uncomfortable and unsettling to them. Giving your cat time to use the litter tray before they go into the cat carrier can help avoid this situation.

9. Consider Using a Pheromone Spray

Cats in general don’t like being out of their routine, and they certainly don’t like going in a car.  The noise, the smell and the unpredictability of the situation makes a cat very unsettled. One study found that using a synthetic feline facial pheromone product can reduce stress during transport. This can mean that your cat arrives at the vet’s practice in a more relaxed state, which in turn can help your vet carry out a useful clinical examination.  Cats that arrive at the vet’s practice in an already stressed state can be much more difficult to handle.

10. Complete Any Online Forms Ahead of Time

If your vet has an app or online system, check out the site for any forms you may need to complete before your visit. Some clinics ask clients to fill out forms before annual exams to ensure their records are up to date. You can save a lot of time by completing them before your appointment and having hard copies ready if necessary. The administrative staff will appreciate your efficiency.

11. Arrive Early for Your Pet’s Appointment

The administrative staff strives to schedule appointments with enough time based on the issue. That may mean little leeway between time slots. Get the most out of your allotted time by arriving a few minutes early for your appointment. This will allow your cat to acclimatize a little before their consultation starts.  If there is time, vets often like to give cats time alone in an exam room to settle down after the ride to the clinic, so take advantage of it.

Final Thoughts

Being prepared before a vet trip can really improve efficiency and allow your vet to do their job as well as they can.  While you can’t remove the disruption and discomfort to your cat entirely, you can make the process go as quickly and efficiently as possible with simple measures. Some optimize your vet’s time by providing information and anticipating questions. Others prepare your kitty for the ordeal. All make the best of an unpleasant situation.

Featured Image Credit: Stock-Asso, Shutterstock

The post How to Save Time at the Vet? 11 Vet Approved Tips for Being Efficient at the Vet by Chris Dinesen Rogers appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

We often think of cancer as a lump or bump that pops up somewhere on our cat’s body. We can typically see and feel it. However, with bone marrow cancer in cats, there often isn’t anything to look at. Instead, we have to rely on other signs that can look similar to those of other kitty illnesses. This makes bone marrow cancer difficult to deal with. Fortunately, the more you understand it as an owner, the sooner you can seek veterinary care and improve the outcome for your feline friend.

What Is Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats?

Bone marrow is the spongy interior of bone, encased by the hard mineralized exterior. It’s rather spectacular because it’s basically the manufacturing site of blood. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are made and released in bone marrow, all with vital functions in the body. Bone marrow cancer in cats occurs when cancer cells decide to settle in the bone marrow, disrupting the normal flow that provides these necessary blood cells. Sometimes, certain types are overproduced so there is an imbalance in the number of all blood cells produced, or abnormal blood cells that don’t function properly are produced. Either way, it means bad news for all the functions of the body that rely on blood cells to perform.

Bone marrow cancer takes a few different forms in cats, including multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and metastatic cancers that have traveled from other parts of the body and found refuge in the bone marrow. All these types can produce similar signs.

What Are the Signs of Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats?

Rather than a direct lump or bump, bone marrow cancer can produce rather vague signs that could be indicative of several illnesses. These signs may include:

Your cat may also have a history of frequent infections, you may notice a lump or two in other areas of the body, and they may show pain by vocalizing more, hiding more, and not wanting to move as often or be touched.

What Are the Causes of Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats?

Fortunately, bone marrow cancer in cats is relatively rare. Unfortunately, we can’t point fingers at a specific cause. Instead, bone marrow cancer appears to be caused by the same things that cause other types of cancer, including genetics, exposure to chemicals and irritants like smoke and toxins, and other illnesses.

Infections with feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus may also increase a cat’s chances of developing bone marrow cancer and other blood abnormalities due to the factors associated with any other type of cancer, including UV exposure and certain vaccines, as these can metastasize to the bone marrow.

To do your best to prevent bone cancer in cats, be sure your kitty is up to date on vaccinations, avoids mingling with sick cats, and is exposed to the least amount of environmental toxins possible. Regular veterinary care can also play a role, as your vet can help monitor your cat’s health in ways that you won’t be able to at home in order to hopefully catch any illnesses before they become big problems.

Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!

If you need to speak with a vet but can’t get to one, head over to PangoVet. It’s an online service where you can talk to a vet online and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price!

Click to Speak With a Vet

How Is Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats Diagnosed?

You will likely notice that your kitty is acting strangely, so you may decide to monitor them for a few days and then bring them to the vet for the reason that they’re just not acting right. Maybe you’ve seen a change in appetite or energy level or even weight loss, or perhaps their frequent illnesses have you worried. Either way, bone marrow cancer likely isn’t the first issue that comes to mind.

It probably isn’t the first issue on your vet’s mind either, so they’ll have to rule out other causes of the signs that you’re seeing by doing a thorough exam, asking you questions, and running tests. Blood work may reveal abnormalities in the blood cells, including differences in sizes, shapes, and numbers. It will also give them insight into how your cat’s organs are functioning. An X-ray may be taken to check bone structure and to look for tumors in other areas. Ultrasound may be helpful for this too.

If the results of these tests put your veterinarian on the bone marrow cancer track, they may perform a urinalysis to check for Bence-Jones proteins, which can be indicative of bone marrow cancer. From there, a sample is necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

How Do I Care for a Cat With Bone Marrow Cancer?

In many cases, bone marrow cancer may not be able to be cured. Treatment is aimed at making your kitty feel as comfortable as possible and prolonging their quality of life. How your vet goes about this will depend on the type of bone marrow cancer your cat has, their overall health, and whether the cancer has spread.

Treatment options may include surgical removal if the cancer is isolated or chemotherapy and/or radiation if it’s not. However, with these types of treatments, it’s best to weigh the outcome with the side effects.

Supportive care may also be offered in the way of corticosteroids to help suppress cancer activity, pain medications to help your cat feel better, and antibiotics to treat secondary infections due to decreased immune function. Cats may require hospitalization, especially in the early phases of treatment, to make sure that they are handling everything well and that side effects aren’t too severe.

Bone marrow cancer in cats is tough to get rid of, especially if it comes from a tumor that has metastasized. So, expect to have an in-depth conversation with your vet about your cat’s quality of life and the potential for prolonging that quality or the potential for treatments’ side effects to negatively affect it.

On the home front, whether you choose treatment or not, you’ll need to protect your cat from possible illnesses, as they will likely have a decreased ability to fight diseases. This means keeping them away from critters that haven’t been vaccinated, keeping them inside, and providing them with a high-quality diet and a safe place to rest.

You may have to get creative in order to boost your cat’s appetite, such as offering canned food or changing flavor options. Be sure your kitty is drinking water enough to prevent dehydration, and give them plenty of one-on-one time with plenty of love and affection.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What Is the Prognosis for Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats?

How long your kitty lives with bone marrow cancer will depend on several things, including the type of cancer, stage, and their overall health. It can also depend on the treatments taken and how they respond to those. While a treatment can prolong a cat’s quality of life for a little while, the long-term prognosis for bone marrow cancer is fairly poor. It’s unlikely that your cat will be completely cured of bone marrow cancer, but they can at least live a comfortable life under your care.

What Are the Early Warning Signs of Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats?

Unfortunately, there’s no specific sign of bone marrow cancer. Instead, what you’re likely to see is your kitty acting a bit off. Maybe you can’t put your finger on it directly, but you just know something is up. They may not be eating as much, maybe they’re drinking a little more, or they’re not as rambunctious as before. Perhaps they’ve taken to hiding or have started crying out more commonly. Either way, any change in your cat’s habits or behavior warrants a veterinary visit.

Conclusion

Bone marrow cancer is relatively rare in cats, and it can be difficult to diagnose early on due to its ambiguous signs. It also isn’t likely to be cured, but that doesn’t mean a cat can’t live with a high quality of life for as long as possible with treatment and supportive care. Speak to your veterinarian about any abnormal signs or behavior changes that you’re seeing in your cat in order to catch issues early and afford the best possible outcome.

Featured Image Credit: Sata Production, Shutterstock

The post Bone Marrow Cancer in Cats: Our Vet Discusses Signs, Causes & Treatment by Dr. Chyrle Bonk DVM (Veterinarian) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

If you’re interested in multiple myeloma, your cat may have been recently diagnosed with this rare disease. If this is the case, we’re very sorry and understand you’ll want to know everything about the condition and what to expect moving forward.

Multiple myeloma is a cancerous disease, meaning that it’s caused by the uncontrolled growth of the cat’s own cells. As these cells proliferate, they cause harm to the vital body systems that keep your cat alive.

What Is Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is a rare cancer originating from a type of white blood cell in the bone marrow. In healthy cats, the bone marrow contains stem cells that reproduce and mature into blood cells such as platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells. The white cells fight infection, platelets help with blood clotting, and red cells are the carrier cells for transporting oxygen around the body.

One type of white blood cell is the plasma cell, which is responsible for the production of antibodies. Cancer of this cell line within the bone marrow causes multiple myeloma. However, if plasma cells cause cancer outside the bone marrow, it is called a plasmacytoma. However, multiple myeloma can spread from the bone marrow to other organs.

The uncontrolled production of plasma cells results in excessive amounts of antibodies in the blood. Cancerous cells and the resulting antibodies can cause problems all around the body. Although cancer can originate in any bone, most arise in the spinal vertebrae.

What Are the Signs of Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma typically occurs in cats over the age of 7 and appears to have similar rates in male and female cats. Signs of multiple myeloma are generalized to start with and worsen with time. Specific signs can be related to organs being impacted by the cancer. Generally, the first non-specific signs of the problem are:

There are, however, several complications of multiple myeloma that can result in more severe signs.

What Are the Causes of Multiple Myeloma?

There has been no conclusive evidence about what causes multiple myeloma in cats. However, one study reports the occurrence of this rare condition in siblings, suggesting a possible genetic predisposition. This theory needs to be explored further but is backed up by findings in mice and humans.

Unlike other white blood cell cancers, viruses like Feline Leukemia Virus, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, and Feline Infectious Peritonitis do not appear to be implicated in multiple myeloma.

Finally, the environment can be important. Exposure to carcinogens like exhaust fumes and other chemicals can increase the risk of cancer. One study showed people in certain professions had an increased risk of multiple myeloma.

Diagnosing Multiple Myeloma in Your Cat

If your cat shows signs of being unwell, the first step is a veterinary consultation and examination. Your vet will consider your cat’s history and the signs they’re showing to determine the next steps.

Since multiple myeloma is very rare and the initial signs are quite general, this potential diagnosis may not be the first on your vet’s list. There is a saying in medicine, “If you hear hoofbeats, think horses, not zebras,” which means that certain illnesses are more common than others.

Multiple myeloma can be diagnosed when two of the following are found:

Extensive testing is needed to reach this definitive diagnosis. Initial testing at your general practice veterinarian may include:

The results of the tests may not only diagnose your cat but also help your vet to determine their prognosis. According to one study of nine cats, the following was associated with a poor prognosis in cats with multiple myeloma:

How Do I Care for a Cat With Multiple Myeloma

Cats with multiple myeloma need veterinary care and excellent nursing care at home. At the vet, your cat may need a fluid drip to support their kidneys and rehydrate them. Fluids also help treat hyperviscosity syndrome. On diagnosis, vets will start long-term antibiotics to protect your cat against infection. They will also provide symptomatic treatment on a case-by-case basis. Many cats need pain relief, while others need more specific medication.

You will also have the option to pursue advanced cancer treatment for your cat. It’s fine not to do this based on your circumstances or beliefs. However, it could extend your cat’s life and improve their quality of life. Without it, euthanasia may need to occur sooner rather than later.

Advanced cancer treatments are generally prescribed by a veterinary oncologist. In some cases, surgery can be recommended for damage control. These specialists can develop a plan for surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy, as well as extensive follow-ups, to help your cat. Your vet will want to monitor for side effects related to treatment as well as your cat’s response to treatment. For example, a reduction in blood protein after treatment is a good sign.

Good nursing care at home is essential. While not all these interventions may be necessary for every cat with multiple myeloma, we recommend speaking to your vet about the following:

Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!

If you need to speak with a vet but can’t get to one, head over to PangoVet. It’s an online service where you can talk to a vet online and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price!

Click to Speak With a Vet

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How Long Can a Cat Live With Multiple Myeloma?

One study showed that out of eight cats receiving chemotherapy for multiple myeloma, four had a complete response, and one had a partial response. Those who responded survived for between 4 and 24 months. The average survival time with treatment is around 42–281 days. Cats that don’t receive advanced treatment or do not respond to treatment will have a shorter lifespan.

Is Bone Marrow Cancer Painful in Cats?

Bone marrow cancers like multiple myeloma can be painful, especially if they cause the bone to be eaten away or pathological fractures. These cats often need one or more pain relief medications to remain comfortable. Don’t be afraid to discuss this with your vet if your cat is in pain. In addition to the pain, these cancers can cause changes that make your cat feel generally lethargic or nauseous.

Conclusion

Multiple myeloma is a rare form of bone cancer in cats. While cats with multiple myeloma will eventually succumb to their condition, a period of remission is possible. Unfortunately, some cats don’t respond despite the best treatment, and many have highly aggressive forms of multiple myeloma. Your vet can look for signs that might indicate a poor prognosis for your cat.

When your cat is diagnosed with multiple myeloma the most important thing is their comfort and quality of life. That is why you should pamper your cat with multiple myeloma, monitor for any signs of pain or discomfort, and follow your vet’s advice.

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The post Multiple Myeloma in Cats: Our Vet Explains Signs, Causes & Treatment by Dr. Ashley Darby BVSc (Veterinarian) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Cats are curious and playful creatures, which can lead to them getting injured. When a cat injures their paw or a limb, it is important to seek urgent veterinary care. Your veterinarian will take proper care of the wound and may recommend temporarily wrapping it up in a bandage.

Depending on the extent of the injury, your vet may suggest hospitalizing your cat for a few days or discharge them for home care with clear instructions on managing the wound and the bandage, and regular checks to ensure there are no complications associated with bandaging or healing.

It can be tricky to bandage your cat’s paw or leg because they can easily pull the bandage off, not cooperate, or chew on the wound. However, knowing how to manage a bandage on your cat’s paw or limb is a good skill to have in your arsenal of tricks for being a competent and loving pet owner.

Here are some words of caution, followed by four useful tips for bandaging a cat’s paw.

A Few Words of Caution

Your vet will very rarely ask you to place a bandage on your cat’s leg. There are a few reasons for this. Your cat may very easily chew on or remove the bandage, and young cats and kittens may be too curious and even ingest pieces of the bandage material. This can lead to digestive issues and even a gastrointestinal blockage in some cases, so cats with a bandage usually also have an Elizabethan collar (e-collar) or are supervised as best as possible to avoid these mishaps.

Another reason why bandages should only be placed by veterinary professionals is the risk of things going wrong. For example, bandages can get wet, making them tight on your cat’s skin and underlying tissues. If they are not removed immediately, they will cause significant pain and discomfort to your cat, who will try their best to remove them by chewing, and they may cause the skin and tissue underneath to experience necrosis from a compromised blood supply. This may also lead to an infection, characterized by a very unpleasant odor coming from the bandaged area, with the presence of discharge, and even leading to skin peeling off.

But it can get even worse than this. Sometimes, if the bandage is too tight for days, it can also lead to necrosis of the soft tissue and even fingers and toes. This means that they either have inadequate blood supply or lose it entirely, leading to the tissue dying off. This can also be very uncomfortable for your kitty and predispose them for sepsis, resistant bacterial infections due to prolonged antimicrobial treatment, and repeated surgeries if any affected tissue needs to be removed. When vets place a bandage on your cat’s paw or leg, they will want to get your cat back in for checks and rebandaging quite frequently, usually every 48 hours.

There are only a few rare occasions when vets may place bandages on your cat’s paws or legs. This is usually after orthopedic surgery or to stabilize a fracture. Wounds are rarely bandaged, as they are likely to get worse under a bandage, and generally are left uncovered while the cat is treated systemically with antimicrobials and painkillers. The cat will also generally wear an Elizabethan collar.

Finally, the rare instance you may be asked to place a bandage on your cat’s paw is in the case of a sudden trauma or bleeding. This will be instructed by your vet, as a very temporary measure to prevent ongoing blood loss while getting to the vet clinic. For this occasion, and to understand bandages in cats, in case your vet has placed one after surgery, let’s dive into more detail.

Before You Start: Items Needed for First Aid

As already discussed, if your cat has a bleeding wound, call your vet to let them know you’re coming, and place a temporary bandage on your cat’s wound, so you can get to the vet clinic with some more peace of mind. Ideally, you will need to keep a few essential items on hand in the home for cat first aid, or you can use some of the materials from your first aid kit:

Wear gloves when managing a cat’s wound to keep it as clean as possible and minimize the risk to your own health, particularly if you have any cuts or abrasions on your hands. Make sure the antiseptic solution is a pet-grade vet-approved medicine in case your pet licks it or can ingest some of it. Otherwise use saline to rinse the wound before bandaging if possible, if you feel it’s contaminated with dirt or hair. If the wound is fairly clean, or just bleeding, do not waste time on rinsing. Bandage it as best as possible, and head to the vet.

If your cat has a fractured leg, do not attempt to place a bandage, as your cat will be very painful and may try to bite you. Instead, get them to the vet immediately.

Keep all of these bandaging materials in a clean, dry, and waterproof container to ensure you have them ready and easy to access in an emergency.

The 4 Tips to Bandage a Cat Paw

1. Cleaning the Wound

This is something your vet will do, oftentimes with your cat under an anesthetic, so they can be comfortable and pain-free, allowing the vet to do a thorough clean and rinse. Many wounds will also require suturing. In some instances, your vet may recommend for you to clean or rinse some wounds at home, if your cat allows it, but these wounds are likely to stay opened, rather than bandaged.

In that case your vet will provide you with clear instructions on how to manage a wound, and when to expect your cat back for a recheck. Wound cleaning is usually done by gently rinsing or washing the area with a cloth soaked in a vet-approved diluted antiseptic solution provided by your vet or saline solution. Make sure to use a soft cloth or cotton ball and avoid scrubbing the wound.

After cleaning the wound, in most cases you will not need to apply any topical treatment, as cats are notorious for trying to lick everything off. It will be very important that your cat is resting, usually in a crate depending on the type of their injury, or be restricted to a single room, with minimal exercise. They are likely to wear an Elizabethan collar if the wound is in an area they can reach for licking.

Observe the wound at least twice daily, for any signs of inflammation, redness, discharge, swelling, malodor, or signs of opening up, in which case you will need to seek veterinary attention before your scheduled vet appointment.

2. Bandaging the Wound

If your cat has a bleeding wound, this is really the only time for you to place a bandage. Otherwise this needs to be done by a veterinary professional, as the complications associated with inadequate bandaging may be very severe. Depending on the type of wound, you can use some sterile gauze to soak up any of the blood before placing a bandage e. You can secure this with a bit of medical tape.

Then you will take the sterile bandage and gently but with moderate grip wrap the wound.  Take the bandage from the bottom of the paw, including the whole paw and not leaving any fingers or toes our, and wrap it around in a series of loops and keep moving up and around the paw until you end up above the wound . Then wrap back to the bottom and secure with tape. This creates a kind of solid cocoon around the paw that would be difficult to rub or easily unravel because it has a bit of friction holding the bandage in place. Make sure it’s not too tight so you can place at least one finger comfortably underneath the top of the bandage.

If the bandage is too tight, this can cut off circulation and cause more harm than good. Use good-quality medical tape to keep the bandage strong. If the bleeding is coming through the bandage, add another layer and make it a little bit firmer, but get to your vet as soon as possible. They will be able to stop the bleeding.

Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!

If you need to speak with a vet but can’t get to one, head over to PangoVet. It’s an online service where you can talk to a vet online and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price!

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3. Keep the Bandage Dry and Clean

Now we get into the home care instructions, for the rare instances your vet may recommend sending your cat home with a bandage, usually after an orthopedic procedure. It is important to keep the bandage dry and clean. To do this, you can make sure your cat’s food and water bowls are slightly raised, so they cannot knock them over as easily, and it goes without saying, a cat with a bandage and/or with an Elizabethan collar is not allowed in any way to go  outside. The risk of them getting into life threatening trouble is high. If at any point, the bandage gets wet, it’s important to take your cat to the vet straight away, for the bandage to be replaced.

It is also important to check the bandage regularly to make sure it is not too tight or loose, that there isn’t any discharge coming though it, or a bad smell associated with it.

4. Keep Up With Regular Bandage Change Appointments

Finally, it is important to remember to never miss your cat’s bandage change appointment. These are usually every 48 hours or could be a little bit longer.  During the bandage change, your vet will check the wound to make sure it is healing properly and that there are no signs of complications. This is often done under sedation.

The vet may take samples for culture and sensitivity in order to choose the appropriate antimicrobial treatment, they may repeat your cat’s x-rays if they are monitoring bone healing after a fracture repair. Afterwards, they will give you clear information on how the wound is healing, and on any new home care instructions and further checkups.

Conclusion

Bandaging a cat’s paw during a bleeding injury can be a daunting and stressful task, but with the right knowledge and preparation, it can be done with ease. Remember, it doesn’t have to be perfect, it just needs to reduce the bleeding, while you get your cat to the vet. By following these four tips for managing a bandage in cats, you can ensure that your cat’s injury is monitored, allowing you to pick up any early signs of complications. However, if you feel unsure about anything regarding your cat’s injury or the bandage, do not hesitate to reach out to your vet.

• Also see: How to Treat a Burned Cat Paw Pad: Vet-Approved Tips

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The post How to Bandage a Cat Paw: 4 Vet-Approved Tips by Nicole Cosgrove appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

It may be hard to imagine a time when drafting the principles of basic animal care was necessary. Sadly, the inhumane treatment of the country’s livestock prompted a 1965 British parliamentary inquiry into their conditions. It eventually led Professor John Webster of the now Farm Animal Welfare Council to draft what would become the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare. Professor David Mellor expanded the concept in 1994 with the Five Domains.

The lists might seem like common sense to many pet lovers today, but they needed to be articulated to provide a framework for scientific advancement and future policies. Today, they serve as a global model for organizations like the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). They are supported by federal legislation like the Animal Welfare Act of 1966.

How Do the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare Work?

The application of the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare is the providence of the organizations adopting its principles. They include the following:

While they were written with livestock in mind, they also apply to pets and any animals in human care. We can interpret the specifics based on the species. The first freedom is self-evident: Cats should have food and fresh water available at all times. The second, as defined by the ASPCA, includes shelter and a comfortable resting area. For felines, it can mean a covered space or even a box. Research supports their suitability for stress reduction.

The third freedom involves appropriate veterinary care as necessary, with the goal of prompt treatment. The fourth freedom may mean something like providing a scratching post for a cat, for example, as being able to scratch is a physical need and a means of communication. The fifth freedom builds on the previous ones and perhaps is the most challenging of the freedoms. As an example, cats despise changes in their routine, which can manifest as the signs of an illness.

The Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare are subject to interpretation based on the individual animal. For example, some felines are so laidback that little phases them. Some breeds, however, like the Russian Blue, are naturally more fearful than others, making the fifth freedom particularly challenging for these animals. Early weaning before 8 weeks is another factor affecting a cat’s welfare, correlating with more problematic aggressive behavior.

What Are the Five Domains of Animal Welfare?

The goal of the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare was to raise awareness about these issues. However, values change. It may have been unthinkable to pamper cats as we do now back when Webster drew up the document. These changing ideas inspired Professor David Mellor and Dr. Cam Reid to update them based on today’s mores. Hence, they published the Five Domains of Animal Welfare.

They include the following:

The first three are Survival-Related Factors. The fourth involves Situation-Related Factors. The fifth is the Affective Experience Domain. Unlike the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare, the domains provide specific examples of do’s and don’ts for each realm. They include details like “A balanced diet,” and “Good fitness level.” Regular updates are part of the model’s application.

Where Are the Five Freedoms and Domains Used?

We mentioned many organizations adopting the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare. That underscores the need they fulfilled. While they may seem common sense, getting them in black and white was a significant step forward, and animals have benefited. The ASPCA uses the five freedoms to raise awareness with public service campaigns. Others, like the World Organisation for Animal Health, make them part of their mission.

Mellor and Reid intended the Five Domains of Animal Welfare to be guidelines, recognizing the subjective nature of interpreting animal emotions. They also rely on current scientific knowledge, which changes with growing research over time and lends credibility to this approach by considering internal and external factors affecting the perception of welfare to the observer and animal.

Of course, cats are different animals than livestock or dogs. An effective view of animal welfare must incorporate these facts into the model. Hence, you’ll see the five freedoms applied differently, reflecting these nuances. The five domains go one step further by recognizing the common survival denominators while leaving room for customization based on what group is using the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare.

Veterinarians can use this information to educate their clients about feline needs. Stress and discomfort often hover under the radar. After all, felines are masters at hiding any signs of distress. The Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare provide a framework for vets to work with pet owners to ensure cats get what they need to survive and thrive. After all, they aren’t the aloof creatures some may think of them. They also need compassion.

In recent years, veterinarians around the world have been expanding their knowledge and updating their practices to include a “fear-free clinic” approach. For cats, this involves details like eliminating waiting times, adding multi-cat calming pheromones, placing anti-slip mats over the examination table, having a gentle and considerate approach when handling them, and providing them with sedation, a cat-specific area that is dog-free, and a covered recovery area, just to name a few courtesies. “Fear-free” is a huge movement in the veterinary care world and many practices are obtaining a “Fear-Free Practice Certificate” after actualizing their space and operations to consider all the details that help make the experience less stressful for felines and other pets seen in the practice.

The Benefits of the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare

The benefits of the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare are clear: They stress the importance and responsibility of caring for animals. After all, it is a privilege to own a feline. Unfortunately, some people may simply be unaware of what good welfare entails. They aren’t intentionally cruel, but they may not know what it means in all areas. The five freedoms spell it out clearly.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How Do the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare Deal With Enrichment?

These provisions are covered with normal behavior. That means providing enough space and interactions with cohorts if appropriate. Interactive toys are an excellent way to fulfill this need. Essentially, we must allow cats to be physically and mentally stimulated for a healthy lifestyle.

What Else Does Freedom From Discomfort Cover?

This element is critical for cats, and that includes providing them with whatever it takes to keep them from living in an uncomfortable or potentially dangerous situation or environment, including a space away from dogs and their barking, or doing what it takes to get them recovered after an injury or illness.

Are There Limits to the Application of the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare?

The Five Domains of Animal Welfare address these concerns. For example, both cover diet. However, feeding a cat to obesity is not in the kitty’s best interest. Likewise, a comfortable space is reasonable but doesn’t preclude interaction with people.

A Quick Reference Guide

Conclusion

The Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare identified a problem and offered a solution for livestock stressed by their living conditions. Its principles cross species lines on several fronts. The Five Domains of Animal Welfare are the updated version, with more specific guidelines and information to help caregivers make informed choices, with the latitude to adapt them for different species, like our feline companions.

• Also see: Animal Rights Awareness Week: When It Is & How to Participate

Featured Image Credit: Billion Photos, Shutterstock

The post Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare: How Vets Apply Them to Cats by Chris Dinesen Rogers appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

It’s been on the cards ever since dog microchipping became compulsory in the UK, and as of June 2024, it is now a legal requirement that all pet cats in England are microchipped before they reach the age of 20 weeks.

Breeders do not need to chip cats before selling them, but most rescues will do so and incorporate the price of chipping into adoption fees. Owners not only enjoy the benefits of following the law, but they can enjoy an increased chance of being reunited with a lost cat much sooner than if the cat was not chipped.

What Is Microchipping?

When a cat is microchipped, a small microchip inside medical glass is inserted just under the skin, typically between the shoulder blades. If the cat goes missing and is recovered by a vet or a rescue, they will be able to scan the cat. Scanning the cat gives a microchip ID (a unique serial number) that can be checked against the relevant microchip database, which contains contact details for the cat’s owners.

The owner is called, and they can be reunited with the cat, typically within a matter of hours, rather than days. It puts less pressure on rescues and shelters and ensures quicker reunion of lost pets and concerned owners.

UK Microchipping Law

Before 2024, around three-quarters of pet cats in the UK were believed to be microchipped. While this represents a large majority of the feline population, it still meant that around 2.4 million pet cats were not microchipped.

The government introduced a new law that came into effect in June 2024 and that required all owners in England to microchip their cats before they reached 20 weeks of age. Owners who fail to have their cats chipped face fines of up to £500 and might find it difficult to reclaim their cats in some cases. Currently the law is only applicable to cats in England, and is not compulsory for free living cats with little or no human interaction such as feral cats.

The Benefits of Microchipping

The Microchipping Procedure

Microchipping is a simple and relatively painless procedure. The microchip is about the size of a grain of rice and consists of a small, electronic chip enclosed in a cylinder of medical glass. It is injected under the skin between the shoulder blades with a needle, usually by a vet. Although the needle is larger than most injections, it is quick and fairly painless, similar to a normal injection. The procedure takes a few seconds, there’s usually no need to even shave the area, and the cat can go straight home after the chip has been inserted.

Changing Details

Once the chip has been inserted, details of the new owner are sent to whichever company manages the microchip database. If the cat is rehomed, the old owner needs to contact the database company to have them register the new owner’s details. If the owner changes their address or phone number, they need to have the details updated on the database.

What to Do If You Lose a Microchipped Cat

If you lose a cat that has been microchipped, you should still look for the cat. Check buildings like sheds and garages and call around and check with neighbours. You should also check that database details are current, and you can start to ring around rescues and shelters.

Also check with local vets, because some people will take cats they find to the vets rather than shelters.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I Get My Cat Chipped for Free?

There are some charities and animal organisations that will microchip cats for free, but most vets charge a fee to carry out the procedure. Charities might offer the service for free to owners who are on low incomes or in receipt of certain benefits, and it is worth checking if you believe you might be entitled.

How Much Does Microchipping a Cat Cost in the UK?

Costs vary from one vet or one location to the next, but the microchipping process typically costs between £10 and £30. It might be possible to get the procedure for free, and most rescues and shelters ensure all of their cats are microchipped before they are adopted out.

There may be a fee if you ever need to change the address or phone number details that are stored on the database, but the company should make you aware of these charges when you join.

What Should I Do If I Find a Chipped Cat?

If you find a lost or stray cat, take it to a local vet or animal shelter. They will be able to scan the cat to find a chip and then locate the owner using the details stored on the microchip database. You might be asked to hold on to the cat until the owner is located, but most vets and shelters will keep hold of the cat during that time.

Does a Microchip Prove Ownership of a Cat?

A microchip is not treated as absolute proof of ownership, but if a dispute arises, it may be presented as evidence, and it can help ensure that your cat is returned to you in the event of theft.

Can I Microchip My Cat Myself?

Microchipping a cat means injecting the microchip under the skin of your cat and the procedure needs to be carried out by a professional, who will also register the microchip details as part of the procedure. You should not attempt to carry out the procedure yourself.

Conclusion

Microchipping helps ensure that lost cats are reunited with their owners sooner and it can also help alleviate the burden from rescues and shelters. Since June 2024, it has been a legal requirement that all pet cats in England are microchipped before they reach 20 weeks old.

Failing to have a cat microchipped can lead to a fine of up to £500 and it will delay the return of the cat to you, in the event they go missing. The procedure is quick, painless, and inexpensive, and it can be carried out by your cat’s vet with the details being given to a recognized cat database company.

Featured Image Credit: Lucky Business, Shutterstock

The post UK Cat Chipping Law: What Is It & What You Need to Know (Vet-Verified) by Matt Jackson appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Cats are curious animals, and they tend to have active periods at night. This can cause them to get into accidents or get injured, and it can be difficult to contact your veterinarian because their clinic is closed in the evening.

Fortunately, there are several options that you can choose from if your cat happens to get sick or injured in the middle of the night. It’s best to be prepared for accidents and injuries, so make sure to read through our tips and ideas to ensure you have an action plan for any midnight incidents your cat may get into.

The 5 Ways to Talk to a Vet When It’s the Middle of the Night

1. Talk to an Online Veterinarian

You may be able to connect with a vet very quickly by using an online veterinary care service or a vet telehealth app. Online vets and vet telehealth apps usually operate 24/7 because they’re meant to be a resource for moments when you can’t get a hold of your usual vet. They also offer video consultations so that the vet can visually examine your cat and provide effective care instructions. Online vets can also let you know if your cat needs to go to an emergency animal hospital, or if you can wait until the next morning to visit your vet.

Most vet telehealth apps do require subscribing to a monthly payment plan, so it’s best to create an account beforehand so that you can get in touch with a vet as soon as possible. You can find some companies, such as PangoVet, that offer individual consultations and charge per consultation.

Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!

If you need to speak with a vet but can’t get to one, head over to PangoVet. It’s an online service where you can talk to a vet online and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price!

Click to Speak With a Vet

2. Contact a Nearby Emergency Animal Hospital

You don’t necessarily need to drive to an emergency animal hospital to receive care. You can call a hospital’s 24/7 triage line and talk to a veterinary care professional. They’ll ask some questions, and depending on your cat’s condition, the hospital will let you know if your cat requires immediate emergency care.

Because emergency situations are stressful, make sure to have the contact information for several emergency animal hospitals near you. Then, you don’t have to spend extra time searching for contact information and checking the distances between the hospital and your home.

3. Call Your Vet’s Office

Some vet clinics have a 24/7 triage line and may have an on-call veterinarian to answer calls late at night. Even if your vet clinic doesn’t offer this service, it can still be helpful to call. Often, the voicemail message will include the contact information of nearby emergency animal hospitals. It may even give you the option to leave a voicemail message so that someone can return your call in the morning.

4. Contact Your Pet Insurance Company

If your cat has pet insurance, you can try contacting your pet insurance company to see if they offer a pet telehealth service. Many companies will partner with a vet telehealth company and offer discounted or free 24/7 consultations as a customer benefit.

If you anticipate using vet telehealth frequently, ask pet insurance companies if they offer online vet consultations when shopping for pet insurance. This can help you save on consultation costs and ensure you get connected to an online vet as quickly as possible.

5. Call an Animal Poison Control Hotline

If you believe your cat is sick due to ingesting something harmful, you can contact an animal poison control line, such as ASPCA Animal Poison Control or Pet Poison Control. The specialists on the line will be able to confirm if your cat has eaten something toxic and whether they can be treated at home or if they have to go to an emergency animal hospital. Please note that these services often charge a small fee.

Before you call an animal poison control line, make sure you have important, relevant information prepared for the specialist. Information such as what your cat ingested, how much they ingested, and how much time has passed will be helpful. If your cat has ingested a product, make sure to provide the brand name and ingredient list.

When It’s Time to Go to the Vet

It’s better to be safe than sorry, so if your cat is sick at night and it’s causing you to worry, take them to an emergency animal hospital right away.

While some cases of sickness may not require immediate medical attention, some signs of illness do require an emergency hospital visit without calling a vet first. For example, any severe wounds, eye injuries, bleeding, and broken bones will require immediate care. Cats that experience seizures or convulsions should also be taken to the hospital right away.

Urinary blockages are urgent matters because they can cause acute kidney failure. So, if your cat is frequenting the litter box but they’re not producing urine or producing very little urine, it’s best to get them to a veterinarian as soon as possible.

It’s also important to be familiar with signs of shock. Shock can be caused by significant trauma, internal bleeding, heart failure, or sudden blood loss. Shock occurs when your cat’s blood pressure drops to life-threatening levels. Cats experiencing shock can have a rapid heart rate with a weak pulse, pale or white gums and lips, and cooler body temperature. Signs of shock must be taken seriously, and cats must receive treatment right away.

Conclusion

When your cat gets into an accident in the middle of the night, it’s best to get in contact with an online vet or emergency animal hospital. If you choose an online vet service or vet telehealth app, make sure to create an account beforehand so that you can connect with a vet as quickly as possible.

Severe health issues and accidents do require immediate care. So, if you sense that your cat is experiencing something severe or life-threatening, it’s best to skip the phone call and take your cat to emergency care so that they can get treated as soon as possible.

Featured Image Credit: Maxim Artemchuk, Shutterstock

The post How Can I Talk With a Vet When It’s in the Middle of the Night? 5 Ideas & Online Vet Options by Jessica Kim appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Pets need to go to the vet on occasion, just like we need to visit our doctors occasionally. Often, when our pets need to go to the vet, we know in advance and can easily schedule an appointment. However, this isn’t always the case. Sometimes, our animals need care at the last minute because the cat ate garbage and got sick or something more serious has occurred. When this happens, we have to try to fit our pet into a vet clinic’s schedule at the last minute, which isn’t always feasible.

But what do you do if your pet needs care but the vet clinic is booked for the day? What options do you have to get your animal the care they need? First, remember not to panic because options are available. In fact, we’re sharing five alternate options you can use if your vet clinic is booked. We’ll also share a few steps that can help you be prepared in an emergency. Keep reading!

Here’s What to Do When Your Vet Clinic Is Booked for the Day

Not being able to make a vet appointment is frustrating, but the issue is manageable, as other options are available to you in this scenario.

1. Your Vet

Wait, haven’t we already ascertained that the vet you regularly use isn’t available to see your pet? Yes. However, that doesn’t necessarily mean they won’t be able to help. Instead of immediately hanging up on your vet and using one of the options below when you learn you can’t get an appointment, ask them if they have any resources you can use.

What resources would be available in this situation? Well, if your pet isn’t dealing with a serious issue, the staff or a vet tech may be able to give you tips on how to care for them at home and make them comfortable. Your vet clinic may also be able to refill or prescribe medication for your animal. They might even be able to refer you elsewhere to have your pet seen. Of course, if your animal is experiencing a medical emergency and clearly needs help right away, this won’t be the option for you.

2. The Internet

The internet is definitely a hit-or-miss option when it comes to advice on healthcare, and this is not the option for an emergency or serious situation. This option is only for minor health issues like a scraped kitty paw or mild diarrhea! If your pet is dealing with a less serious ailment, though, you can go online to places like the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) site or PetMD and find resources with information verified by vets that may be able to help your animal. Look for reliable information-there are plenty of sites online that have vet-reviewed or vet-verified information that could be beneficial for your pet.

Just keep in mind that this option is only for minor issues. If your pet has been injured or is seriously ill, do not ask the internet for help!

3. The Internet, Part Deux (aka Telehealth)

Of course, Dr. Google isn’t the only help the internet has to offer. There’s also telehealth. Telehealth encompasses many things, like video consultations with vets, and is a convenient and often affordable option for those lacking other pet healthcare options. It allows you to speak to a vet directly and get personalized advice for your pet.

As convenient as it can be, especially when your vet clinic is booked, this option does have downsides. One is that vets are limited in how they can help with telehealth. After all, a vet can only see what you show them during a video chat, and it’s not like your pet can tell them where something hurts. Vets also have rules and regulations that they must follow regarding telehealth which varies with region.  In many cases they can address concerns and offer advice but are unable to diagnose or prescribe medications.

However, if your pet is suffering from a minor issue and you can utilize telehealth, this could be your best bet for getting advice to help your pet straight away.

Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!

If you need to speak with a vet but can’t get to one, head over to PangoVet. It’s an online service where you can talk to a vet online and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price!

Click to Speak With a Vet

4. A Different Vet Clinic

This may not be an option everyone has; it just depends on where you live. If you live in an area where vet clinics are plentiful, though, and your vet clinic is unavailable, try getting an appointment with a different vet. Just because your pet’s vet is currently busy doesn’t mean all the vets in town are booked, so call around and see if your animal can get an appointment elsewhere. Don’t worry; this doesn’t mean you have to switch vets forever. This can be a one-time thing, so your pet can be seen when needed.

5. An Emergency Vet

To be clear, this should be your first option if your pet is dealing with an emergency (like if they’ve been hit by a car). This can also be an option if none of the other options on this list are working for you, though. Emergency vet clinics are often open when other vet clinics aren’t, such as after regular business hours or on holidays, so animals can get in pretty much any time.

However, just because your pet can be seen at an emergency vet clinic doesn’t mean they’ll be seen immediately. Emergency vet clinics work in a similar way to hospital emergency rooms, wherein animals are triaged and those with the worst injuries or illnesses are seen before those with lesser concerns. So, if your animal is having trouble breathing, they’ll be seen before an animal with mild diarrhea. But if your pet is only suffering from something minor, you could be at the emergency vet clinic for a while, so be prepared for a wait.

Things to Remember As a Pet Owner

There are things you can remember to make it easier on yourself and your pet when your vet clinic is booked.

Call Earlier

Call your vet earlier rather than later if you notice something wrong with your pet. Often, people see that their pet has thrown up a couple of times or seems to be feeling unwell, then decide there’s no harm in waiting a day or two before calling the vet because their pet might get better on their own. While doing this is understandable, it’s still best to contact your vet earlier when you know something is off with your pet. You know your pet best and if you have concerns contacting your vet as soon as possible means they will be more likely to get a timely appointment, and it could keep you from needing to find another option for their healthcare at the last minute.

Be Nice

If your vet can’t fit your pet into their schedule, don’t burn bridges by getting frustrated and yelling at someone. We know that not getting an appointment when you need one is a bummer. But if you rush to anger when your vet is busy helping other people’s animals, you could lose out on keeping a positive relationship with your vet. So, be nice. Your vet’s doing their best to help every animal they can. 

Be Prepared

Always be prepared for a health emergency! The better prepared you are, the better off your animal will be when they need care. So, make sure you do at least some of the following:

Final Thoughts

It can be frustrating when your vet clinic is booked, and you can’t get your pet in to be seen when needed. However, there are other options when this happens. If your vet clinic is booked, you can try searching for an answer to the problem online, try telehealth, ask your vet if there’s anything you can do for your pet at home, try to get in at another vet clinic, or use an emergency vet.

You can also make the situation of not being able to get in with your vet easier by calling your vet earlier when you notice your pet having a problem and taking steps to prepare for emergencies.

Featured Image Credit: Frau aus UA, Shutterstock

The post Vet Clinic Is Booked for the Day, What Do I Do? 5 Vet Approved Tips by Misty Layne appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Although cats have a reputation for being aloof, they can actually feel a range of emotions. When a cat experiences significant changes in their life, they can develop signs consistent with depression. Although they can’t tell us how they are feeling, we can make some assumptions based on their behavior. Common causes of depression include the loss of a companion, loss of mobility and independence, illness, and boredom.

Different cats will have their own unique experiences with depression. So, depression can look different from cat to cat. We’ve listed several common signs and behaviors in depressed cats. If you notice any of these signs in your cat, it’s possible that they’re experiencing depression.

The 9 Signs of Depression in Cats

1. General Disinterest

Cats with depression can lose interest in things they once enjoyed. They may not like playing with their favorite toys and not be as enthusiastic about eating special treats. It can be difficult to motivate or engage them to exercise, play, or eat. Many times, it can seem like your cat just wants to be left alone. They might withdraw and find a hiding spot where they’re most likely to be left undisturbed.

2. Lethargic

Another sign of depression in cats is lethargy. Your cat may sleep more than usual. Cats do generally sleep a lot, and healthy adult cats can sleep anywhere between 12 to 16 hours a day. However, depressed cats may lie down and sleep even more. They’ll often decide to lie down rather than engage in a different activity like eating or playing. You may also experience a more difficult time getting your cat to move, and they’ll make it pretty clear that they just want to be left alone and unbothered.

Of course, lethargy can be a sign of other illness or injury. So, it’s important to have a veterinarian rule out any physical illness if your cat is showing signs of depression.

3. Lack of Grooming

Cats are natural self-groomers, and they usually do an excellent job of keeping themselves clean on their own. However, depression can cause changes in a cat’s grooming habits, and it may impair their ability to take care of themselves in this way.

Along with their general disinterest in activities, some cats may become disinterested or lack the motivation to clean themselves. You’ll notice their hair looking unkempt and an increased amount of dirt left on their coat. Overgrooming is also a sign of stress that can lead to increased hair loss and patches of bald spots in your cat’s coat.

4. Changes in Litter Box Habits

Some cats may develop changes in their litter box habits. You may see completely litter box-trained cats suddenly start to urinate outside of their litter box. It’s speculated that depressed or anxious cats will urinate in different areas of the house because the scent of their urine can comfort or calm them. Therefore, you may notice your cat starting to urinate in multiple rooms, including bedrooms, bathrooms, and kitchens.

Cats can actually develop signs of cystitis and even a urinary obstruction which is a medical emergency in response to stress. If your cat is showing straining to urinate, has blood in the urine, or urinating more than usual, you should seek urgent veterinary care.

5. Clinginess

Cats can become extra clingy with their owners when they’re depressed. They can start to follow their owners all over the house, demand constant attention, or start sitting or sleeping on them. Some cats may even develop separation anxiety and become highly distressed when their owners leave the house.

Cats that are normally independent can also become increasingly clingy when they’re depressed. Confident and social cats may develop stranger anxiety and become more fearful of any guests or visitors that enter the home.

6. Increased Agitation or Aggression

In contrast to clinginess, some depressed cats may become more aggressive instead. Your cat can get more easily irritated, and even cats that are normally docile can show signs of aggression when they’re depressed. They may not want to be touched, picked up, or petted.

Signs of aggression in cats include hissing, biting, chattering, scratching, and growling. Your cat may also try to chase you away when they really want to be left alone. Similarly to other signs on this list, a cat can become aggressive when in pain or unwell, so a veterinary check is vital.

7. Hiding

As many depressed cats just want to be left alone and undisturbed, they may start to hide more. Some cats may find new hiding spots in the home that make it less likely for them to be found and disrupted.

If your cat lives with other cats or pets, they may choose to hide from their animal companions, too. Cats who are usually social can also start to prefer being left alone and no longer greet people at the door.

8. Appetite Changes

Depression often causes changes in eating habits. Since depression affects all cats differently, some cats can lose interest in eating, while others may want to eat more. Sometimes, the cause of your cat’s depression will affect their appetite. For example, if your cat’s depression is linked to pain or anxiety, it’s more likely for your cat to have a lower appetite. If your cat’s depression is connected to boredom, your cat may resort to overeating.

9. Pain

It’s important to note that depression can accompany chronic pain and illnesses. Cats that have been diagnosed with a chronic health issue may become depressed, especially if the condition impairs their quality of life significantly.

For example, older cats with arthritis may start to show signs of depression as they lose their ability to jump on high counters or climb cat trees. Cats may also feel more anxious when they experience chronic pain and may fall into depression as they can no longer move around like they once used to.

What Causes Depression in Cats?

Cats have unique personalities and preferences. What may trigger depression in one cat may leave another cat feeling completely unaffected. Therefore, it’s helpful to have a general understanding of different experiences that can cause cats to become depressed. Understanding what has caused or is causing your cat’s depression can help immensely with helping them feel better and getting them back to their normal self.

Cats are sensitive animals that can become significantly affected by changes in their environment. Therefore, moving homes, changes in routine, or switching roommates can all cause cats to feel anxious or depressed. Cats can also be affected by changes in family dynamics. Familial events, such as a newborn baby, separations, and divorces, can all cause cats to feel depressed.

As cats are capable of forming strong bonds, they can also become depressed after experiencing the loss of a companion. For example, they can feel significant sadness after they’re separated from their owners. It’s common for cats in a bonded pair to develop some form of depression after their partner passes away.

Problems in the cat’s environment like lack of stimulation, or social conflicts can result in poor quality of life and depression. Pain and illness, especially ongoing conditions can lead to cats showing signs of depression.

How to Help Cats With Depression

If you suspect your cat is depressed or notice any significant behavioral or mood changes, it’s best first to take them to your veterinarian. Your veterinarian can help rule out any medical factors that may be affecting your cat’s behavior.

Before going to your veterinarian appointment, it’s helpful to make note of several factors tied to your cat’s possible depression. Try to identify when the behavioral changes started and any possible factors that may contribute to these changes. You should also watch for signs of illness like vomiting, increased thirst, and changes in toileting. This information may help your veterinarian make an accurate diagnosis.

There are a variety of things you can try to help cats with depression, and the methods you choose will depend on what’s causing your cat’s depression.

Change Their Routine

If your cat’s depression is linked with boredom, changing their routine by adding more playtime, different treats, and introducing new toys can all help lift your cat’s mood. Provide environmental enrichment like cat TV and music.

Give Them More Attention

When cats are grieving the loss of a companion, they may require more attention as they get used to the loss. You can give a grieving cat reassuring pets and scratches and comfort them by staying home with them more.

Speak With Your Veterinarians

If your cat’s depression is related to pain or a health issue, ask your veterinarian about any possible treatments that can help alleviate their pain or discomfort. Some cats may feel better after getting acupuncture or a massage. Older cats with arthritis may feel better if you install ramps or stairs in your home so that they can still access certain places on their own.

Sometimes, cats can benefit from taking behavioral medication to reduce anxiety and depression. You can have a discussion with your veterinarian to determine if this course of action will benefit your cat.

Speak With a Cat Behaviorist

Lastly, working with a cat behaviorist or trainer can help you come up with a plan to help your cat through their depression. A cat behaviorist can observe your cat and develop a treatment or training plan with concrete steps you and your cat can follow. They can also recommend any home modifications or products that can help lift your cat’s mood.

Conclusion

Depression can become a mental health issue that reduces your cat’s quality of life. So, it’s important to address it as soon as possible. It’s recommended to consult your veterinarian if you notice behavioral and mood changes in your cat. Your veterinarian can provide options for helping your cat, and you can also connect with a cat behaviorist to find ways to help your cat feel better.

Featured Image Credit: avi_acl, Shutterstock

The post How to Tell if Your Cat Is Depressed: 9 Vet-Reviewed Signs to Look For by Jessica Kim appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

The first Cornish Rex kitten was born in Cornwall, U.K., in the 1950s due to a genetic mutation.¹ This breed is known for its very fine, short coat. While Cornish Rex cats are generally healthy, pet parents need to be aware that they can develop health issues that may require veterinary attention.

The 10 Potential Cornish Rex Health Issues

If you are considering adding a Cornish Rex to your family, please keep in mind the following health issues that your new kitty may be predisposed to.

1. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (AD-PKD)

This genetic condition results in the growth of fluid-filled cysts on a cat’s kidneys. Felines born with this disorder develop multiple cysts over time, which can lead to kidney damage. However, not all cats may exhibit signs. Unfortunately, there is no cure for AD-PKD, but proper management by your veterinarian can help.

2. Progressive Retinal Atrophy

This inherited condition causes the degeneration of the retina, eventually leading to blindness within 3–4 years after the signs appear. There is no cure for this disorder.

3. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Thickening of the heart muscle makes it difficult for the heart to pump blood effectively. This disease may be inherited, or it can develop secondarily to another disease, such as hyperthyroidism.

4. Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)

Many domestic cats have type A blood, but Cornish Rex cats most often have type B blood. NI happens when a type B mother gives birth to a type A kitten or vice versa, and the kitten ingests the different blood type’s colostrum from the mother. When this occurs, the antibodies that are usually beneficial start attacking the kitten’s red blood cells. Affected kittens typically die within a few days.

5. Vitamin-K-Dependent Coagulopathy

Cornish Rex cats may suffer from a genetic disorder that affects their blood-clotting ability. This condition is due to a deficiency of an enzyme that helps absorb vitamin K, a vital component of the clotting process. As a result, affected cats may have prolonged bleeding and be more susceptible to bruising.

6. Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

Cornish Rex cats seem to be more at risk for developing this disease than other cats. This virus damages blood vessels, which can cause fluid to build up in the abdomen or chest. Unfortunately, there is no treatment for FIP, and the disease is often fatal.

7. Deafness

Certain genetic lines of Cornish Rex (C-rex bloodline) may be susceptible to deafness.

8. Patellar luxation

This occurs when the kneecap pops out of place. Cornish Rex cats are at a higher risk than other cats.

9. Skin Issues

Due to their fine and short coat, Cornish Rex cats may be susceptible to skin problems, such as yeast infections, itchiness (urticaria pigmentosa), thinning or balding coat (hypotrichosis), and sunburn, if they’re not adequately protected from the sun.

10. Dystocia

Cornish Rex cats may have difficulty giving birth to kittens. Their litters may need to be delivered by C-section. This breed carries a higher risk of death for both the mother and her kittens than with other breeds of cats.

Remember to have regular vet visits when owning a Cornish Rex to keep their health and well-being. If you’re concerned about your cat’s health we suggest you speak to a vet.

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Conclusion

The Cornish Rex is a playful and intelligent cat that makes a great companion. While this breed is relatively healthy, there are certain associated health issues that you should be aware of. Always do your research, learn as much about the breed as possible, and schedule regular veterinary exams to detect problems early and to keep your cat as healthy as possible.

Featured Image Credit: Rita_Kochmarjova, Shutterstock

The post 10 Cornish Rex Health Issues You Should Know (Vet Answer) by Dr. Stacie Grannum DVM (Veterinarian) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.